美國華裔作家自我認同之研究

The Self-Identity Issue of Chinese American Writers

劉冠彣(Kuan-Wen Liu)

指導教授 ： 紀舜傑

淡江大學/國際研究學院/美洲研究所碩士班/碩士(2014年)

https://doi.org/10.6846/TKU.2014.00938

摘要

眾多的族裔群體構成了美國多元文化社會的基礎，而族裔群體所保持的雙重文化認同則是美國社會多元文化特性不斷發展的主要動因。作為華人文學一部分的北美華人英文文學，華裔作家具有雙重文化視野、雙重文化傳承，用雙重視角描寫出的中國形象表述著他們對中國和中國文化的想像和態度，同時述說著他們在居住國的生活境遇、生活慾望和夢想。研究這些中國形象可以揭示出北美華人作家的文化認同。

產生和保持雙重文化認同的原因是多方面的，既是移民在融入美國社會進程中的現實和心理需要，也是美國社會在接納新移民過程中常常表現出的種族歧視和排外主義所帶來的結果，同時也是美國特殊政治體制和移民祖籍國不斷鼓勵下的必然產物。

當我們分析海外華人文學敘事中種種跨文化的不同角度，我們會感覺到，在今天文學想像、生活經驗都遭到空前挑戰的情境下，海外華人作家仍擁有故土和本土之間巨大的敘事空間，扮演著東西方話語轉換、乃至溝通的敘事角色，由此產生的視角越界具有特殊的文學意義。是故本文透過美籍華裔作家的作品，深入了解他們對於自我的描述與對其雙重身份的探索，亦即他們如何透過文字與語言，進而表達自我、建構自我？探索其寫作行為背後的動機與所反映出來的文化觀念和價值觀所具有的意義。

近年美籍華裔作家不斷的在各個層面冒出來。有小說、有散文、也有童書，鎖定不同的讀者群。有趣的是，美籍華裔作家的題材，幾乎都以中國文化為背景。有鑒於此，透過研究美籍華裔作家的作品，進而瞭解他們如何透過自己，以自己的視野詮釋身處雙重文化下的自我，並藉此瞭解華裔作家與美國社會交錯之下的關係與影響。

關鍵字

華裔文學 ； 華裔作家 ； 自我認同 ； 身分認同 ； 雙重認同

並列摘要

Numerous ethnic groups form the basis of American multicultural society, and ethnic groups maintained dual cultural identity is the main motivation multicultural characteristics of American society evolving . As part of the North American Chinese Chinese Literature in English literature , Chinese writer has a dual cultural horizons , dual cultural heritage, with a description of the dual perspective image of China expressed their imagination and attitude towards China and the Chinese culture, while recounting their country of residence living conditions , the desire to live and dream. These studies can reveal the image of Chinese cultural identity of the North American Chinese writer .

Causes and maintaining a dual cultural identity is multifaceted, both immigrants to integrate into American society in the process of practical and psychological needs, but also the result of American society in the process of accepting new immigrants often exhibit racial discrimination and xenophobia brought , but also the American political system and the special immigrant home country under constant encouragement inevitable outcome .

When we analyze the various overseas Chinese literary narrative of different cross-cultural perspective, we feel that in today's literary imagination , life experiences have suffered unprecedented challenges situation, overseas Chinese writers still have a huge space between the homeland and native narrative , East-West discourse plays convert , and even the role of narrative communication , the resulting cross-border perspective with special literary significance. Therefore in this article by Chinese-American writers , deeply understand their self- description and exploration of its dual identity , that is how they are through words and language, and then self-expression , self- constructed ? Discover the motive behind the act of writing and the reflected cultural attitudes and values that have meaning.

In recent years, Chinese-American writer ever to emerge at all levels . There are novels, prose , there are children's books, target different audience. Interestingly, the Chinese-American writer's subject matter , almost all Chinese culture background. In view of this , by studying Chinese-American writers in order to understand how they by themselves, in their own self- bicultural perspective interpretation under Language , and to understand the relationship and influence of Chinese writers and staggered under the American society.

並列關鍵字

Chinese American Writers ； American Literature ； Self-Identity ； Dual-Identity

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