當我們碰在一起－從個案角度探討諮商中的觸碰

本研究起因於筆者自身於諮商中受心理師觸碰之經驗，兩次感受歧異的觸碰經驗引發筆者對於諮商中肢體觸碰之好奇。查閱國內外相關文獻，有許多研究結果證實觸碰對於人的身心理健康有諸多益處，但觸碰於諮商中卻常被視作一種禁忌（Clance & Petras, 1998）。談論諮商中肢體觸碰的研究，除已被禁止的性的觸碰與性的雙重關係外，幾乎皆從倫理中的非性雙重關係角度出發，或由理論角度探討其優缺點，少有就個案角度出發，探討其於諮商中肢體觸碰的經驗與感受。然國外多位學者研究發現，個案在心理治療中實際的觸覺體驗是評估治療聯盟且預測治療結果的重要訊息（Horton, Clance, Sterk-Elifson, & Emshoff, 1995）。故本研究由個案角度出發，關注個案在心理諮商中受心理師觸碰之實際經驗，以及其覺知到的感受、想法與帶來的影響與改變，並希望透過研究結果，瞭解影響個案感受或評價諮商中觸碰的因素為何，以及提供建議給欲於心理諮商中使用肢體觸碰之心理師參考，擴大心理師對於諮商中觸碰行為的概念與想法。本研究採個案研究法，以半結構式訪談為資料蒐集方式，並以紮根理論做為資料分析之方法。本研究以立意取樣，於網路平台上徵求符合研究條件之受訪者，招募到十名女性與一名男性，總計共十一人、蒐集到二十四段諮商中觸碰經驗。　　本研究結論為：一、諮商中的觸碰經驗可分為四：正向經驗、負向經驗、矛盾經驗與普通經驗；二、影響本研究諮商中觸碰的感受或評價之因素為：個人觸碰背景、諮商關係、推測心理師的觸碰動機與個案對該觸碰之個人看法的一致程度。　　並透過研究結果，發現若要使諮商中觸碰經驗盡量趨向好的經驗，有三個主要概念：諮商關係、知情同意、觸碰後核對；並在此三概念之上，尚有一核心概念為自主權，即個案對於觸碰的接受與拒絕有自由選擇之權力。　　最後依據研究結果與文獻，對於未來研究以及欲在諮商中使用觸碰技巧之心理師提出建議。

關鍵字

個案角度；肢體觸碰；觸碰行為；個案研究法

並列摘要

This study rooted in the counseling experiences author had. Those experience of being touched were so different which ignited the curiosity of the author. In the related literature, it shows touching has been regarded as a taboo in counseling, although it has also showed that it is quite beneficial to physical and psychological health (Clance & Petras, 1998). And most of the literature on this topic is from the standpoint of ethic or counseling theory. There’s no study discussing the experiences and feelings of being touched in counseling settings from the view of a client. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to understand the factor underlies the discrimination of the counseling touch, through the clients’ actual experiences, thoughts, and feelings of being touched by a counselor. And through this study, some advices are given, so counselors can have a better and broader understanding on the touch in counseling setting. 　　This study adopted case study method, collected data through semi-structured interview, and analyzed data through grounded theory. Furthermore, this study also has interviewed 11 interviewees, 10 females and 1 male, collected through purposive sampling correspond to the purpose of this research. 　　The conclusion of this research are as follows: First, there are positive, negative, discrepant and regular touch experiences in counseling settings. Second, personal history of being touched, robustness of counseling relationships, the presumption and assumptions about the purpose of touching are the factors affecting the feeling of touch in counseling settings. 　　Through the result of this research, in order to make the experience of touch to be a good one, counselor should be careful about the counseling relationship, informed consent, and keep a check on the aftermath of the touch; and the common factor among them, which is autonomy, that is to say the right to accept or decline the touch according to the client’s will. 　　Lastly, some advices to therapists who want to use touch as a skill in the counseling settings are given, according to the research result and literature.