- 學位論文
辦公室人員久坐之生理負荷與人因介入探討
Discussion on Physiological Load and Ergonomic Intervention of Sedentary Office Workers
摘要
不論是製造業或服務業，有很多工作作業人員需要久坐。長期採坐姿作業可能是心血管疾病、第二型糖尿病、癌症發生率與職業性肌肉骨骼不適的成因。本研究旨在探討久坐對於作業人員肌肉骨骼不適與健康危害之影響，並期藉由人因工程之介入，減輕現場需久坐之辦公室作業人員之生理負荷與健康危害，本研究涵蓋理論與實務方面的探討，其結果可做為業界改善員工久坐之職業性肌肉骨骼不適與健康危害之參考。 本研究共分為兩個部份:網路問卷調查辦公室作業人員久坐現況、肌肉骨骼不適、健康相關生活品質；人因介入實驗以Gulick量尺量測小腿圍度變化並搭配Borg CR-10主觀不適量表，分為三種實驗模式(持續久坐、坐1小時加介入措施5分鐘、坐2小時加介入措施10分鐘)，每個實驗模式皆進行四小時二十分鐘，觀察其小腿腿圍變化及介入措施之效益。 176份有效問卷(男58位，女118位)結果顯示，辦公室作業人員每週平均工作天數是5.09天，每週平均工作時數是43.48小時，工作日內平均久坐時數為6.74小時，工作日內平均休息次數及時間為2.47次、36.58分鐘；肌肉骨骼不適部位調查中，以下背、左肩頸、右肩頸之比例最高，其主要症狀以酸痛最多，尋求醫治以按摩最多，認為肌肉骨骼不適是一部份與工作有關的人最多;健康相關生活品質中，運動習慣在生理健康範疇、心理範疇、社會關係範疇達到顯著差異；自覺睡眠充足在生理健康範疇、社會關係範疇、環境範疇達到顯著差異；每週平均工作時數36小時以下(含36小時)在心理範疇、環境範疇達到顯著差異；每日平均久坐時數5小時以下(含5小時)在所有範疇皆達到顯著差異。 人因工程介入的實驗結果發現，持續久坐、坐1小時加介入措施5分鐘、坐2小時加介入措施10分鐘皆有顯著差異，持續久坐與Borg CR-10主觀不適評級之間呈現高度相關性，其餘兩種模式則與主觀不適評級無顯著相關。持續久坐之腿圍增長率遠大於其餘兩種模式，在減緩小腿腫脹的效益方面，由坐1小時加介入措施5分鐘之模式為最佳。 由人因介入的實驗結果顯示，適度的腿部運動可以有效的減緩下肢腫脹，其短時間作業短時間運動之效益最佳，簡易的介入可使辦公室作業人員降低下肢腫脹之幅度，預防肌肉骨骼不適及提高其舒適度。 根據本研究之實驗結果，適度的腿部運動可減緩久坐造成之小腿腫脹，建議相關職場可藉以推廣「減少久坐並進行腿部運動」之好處。
並列摘要
In many manufacturing and service industries, workers are required to prolong sitting for extended periods of time, had been associated with increases in the prevale-nce of cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, cancers and occupational musculoskeletal discomforts. This study shall contain a theoretical and realistic investigation, and the anticipated results of this study could be a workplace design reference for improvement of occupational musculoskeletal comforts and health hazards. This study was divided into two parts: the Internet questionnaire survey office workers' sedentary status, musculoskeletal discomfort, and health-related quality of life; the human intervention experiment was conducted to measure the leg circumference with Gulick scale and Borg CR-10 subjective inappropriate scale was divided into three experimental modes (continuous sedentary, sitting for 1 hour plus intervention for 5 minutes, sitting for 2 hours plus intervention for 10 minutes). Each experimental mode was conducted for 4 hours and 20 minutes to observe the changes of leg swelling and the benefits of intervention measures. The results of 176 valid questionnaires (58 males and 118 females) showed that the average working days per week of office workers was 5.09 days, the average working hours per week was 43.48 hours, the average sedentary hours in working days was 6.74 hours, and the average number and time of rest were 2.47 times and 36.58 minutes, The proportion of the following back, left shoulder and neck, right shoulder and neck was the highest, the main symptoms were soreness, the most seeking treatment was massage, the most people thought that musculoskeletal discomfort was a part of people related to work; health related quality of life, exercise habits in the physical health category, psychological category, social relations category reached significant differences; conscious sleep in the physical health category, social relations category The results showed that there were significant differences in department category and environment category; the average working hours of less than 36 hours per week (including 36 hours) were significantly different in psychological category and environmental category; the average daily sedentary hours were less than 5 hours (including 5 hours) in all categories. The experimental results of ergonomic intervention showed that there were significant differences between prolonged sedentary, sitting for 1 hour plus intervenetion for 5 minutes, sitting for 2 hours plus intervention for 10 minutes The CR-10 subjective discomfort rating showed a high correlation, while the other two models had no significant correlation with the subjective discomfort rating. The growth rate of leg circumference of prolonged sitting was much higher than that of the other two models. In terms of the benefit of reducing leg swelling, the model of sitting for 1 hour and intervention for 5 minutes was the best. The experimental results of ergonomic intervention show that moderate leg exercise can effectively slow down the swelling of lower limbs, and its short-time operation and short-time exercise have the best benefit. Simple intervention can reduce the swelling extent of lower limbs, prevent musculoskeletal discomfort and improve their comfort. According to the experimental results of this study, moderate leg exercise can reduce the leg swelling caused by sedentary. It is suggested that the relevant work-place can promote the benefits of "reducing sedentary and doing leg exercise".