行動中的PM2.5：空污的轉譯社會學分析

近年來，空氣污染儼然成為台灣難以忽視的重大議題。不論是執政黨大張旗鼓的全面修法，亦或是被認為與空污有關的公投案，都證明了空污議題的重要性。然而「空污」究竟是什麼？本研究採取行動者網絡理論的觀點，透過《空污法》等法規的演變、立法院的會議紀錄、監測設備的變化以及關鍵行動者的訪談，來回應「空污」究竟為何，並描繪「空污」樣貌的變化。回溯台灣自1975年以來「空污」內容變化的複雜動態過程，本研究指出在反國光石化運動期間，透過台灣學者對國外公衛學界知識的轉譯（translate）、科學模型在地化後的推估、報章媒體的報導、醫師團體與學術社群的動員，加上後續《穹頂之下》紀錄片的推出，以及反空污大遊行的常態舉行，「PM2.5」逐步成為「空污」中最具代表性的行動者。追尋著環保署空品測站與空氣盒子的軌跡，本研究也指出「PM2.5」現今的樣貌，是由監測設備、法規、政府、科學社群、推估模型、科學數據、政府報告、空氣地圖、民間社群共同形塑而成，也因此近年來的「空污」牽引著無數的行動者。最後本研究強調，無論是「空污」或「PM2.5」，皆並非僵固，其意涵不能脫離其網絡來看。因此後續不論是治理或改善，都需要積極審視其網絡，並回應各關係者之切身利害，方能有真正協商出解方的可能。

關鍵字

空污法；空污監測；空氣盒子；行動者網絡理論

並列摘要

In recent years, air pollution has become a major issue that cannot be ignored in Taiwan. Both the legislature cleared by the ruling party and the referendum that are thought to be related to air pollution prove the importance of the issue. But what exactly is "air pollution"? I adopt the perspective of Actor-Network Theory, through the evolution of laws and regulations, the meeting records of the Legislative Yuan, changes in monitoring equipment, and interviews with key actors to respond to what "air pollution" is and describe the changes in the appearance of it. Looking back at the complex and dynamic process of "air pollution" content changes in Taiwan since 1975, I point out that during the Anti-Kuokuang Movement, Taiwan scholars translated knowledge from foreign public health academia and the promotion of scientific models after localization. According to estimates, reports from media, the mobilization of physician groups and academic communities, the release of the follow-up documentary "Under the Dome", and the normal holding of anti-air pollution marches, "PM2.5" has become the most representative in "air pollution" actors. Pursuing the trajectory of the EPA's air quality monitoring station and the Airbox, I also point out that the current appearance of "PM2.5" is shaped by the monitoring equipment, laws and regulations, the government, the scientific community, NGO, estimate model, scientific data, government report, air map. Therefore, the "air pollution" in recent years has affected countless actors. This research emphasizes that neither "air pollution" or "PM2.5" is not rigid, and its meaning cannot be seen without its network. Therefore, whether it is governance or improvement in the follow-up, it is necessary to actively review its network and respond to the vital interests of all stakeholders in order to truly negotiate a solution.