學齡前兒童的齲齒狀況、潔牙行為與家長的口腔保健行為之相關探討---以台南縣為例

「摘要」齲齒是兒童期最普遍的慢性疾病，1997年衛生署調查資料顯示學齡前兒童齲齒率89.1%，deft為7.3顆與WHO所訂定的2025年之全球口腔保健指標90%的五歲兒童將完全沒有齲齒尚有一段距離。本研究的主要目的為了解台南縣學齡前兒童的齲齒狀況、潔牙行為與家長的口腔保健行為之相關；研究方法：調查對象為針對台南縣公私立案幼稚園、托兒所幼童年齡3~6歲13447人進行口腔檢查，再由該調查的兒童之家長中隨機抽樣做口腔問卷調查，有效問卷為547份，完成率91.2% 。研究結果顯示，乳牙齲齒盛行率平均78.7%，deft指數平均5.0顆，填補率16.0%， 3-4歲是學齡前幼童增加齲齒的關鍵期，而填補率於此年齡間並無明顯變化。幼童乳牙各區的齲齒，以下顎左側臼齒齲齒盛行率63.5%最高，以下顎前牙齲齒盛行率8.8%最低。六歲幼童恆牙第一大臼齒萌發率28.7%，齲齒盛行率4.3%，填補率1%。幼童恆牙第一大臼齒萌發率女早男晚，幼童恆牙第一大臼齒萌發率上下左右皆為市鎮型地區>鄉鎮型地區>沿海型地區>偏遠型地區，而幼童恆牙第一大臼齒齲齒率為女生>男生，幼童恆牙第一大臼齒齲齒率平均為偏遠型地區>鄉鎮型地區>沿海型地區>市鎮型地區。性別、城鄉地區別不同與幼童恆牙第一大臼齒萌發率、齲齒率在統計上有顯著性差異。影響學齡前幼童口腔狀況之相關因素有幼童年齡、城鄉地區別、吃甜食次數、刷牙工具、定期看牙醫情形、看牙經驗等，而這些因素與齲齒盛行率齲齒指數deft及填補率在統計上有顯著相關；父母的口腔保健行為與學齡前幼童的潔牙行為在統計上有顯著的相關。

關鍵字

齲齒；口腔保健行為

並列摘要

Abstract 　 Dental caries is the most prevalent children’s disease. In 1997, the Department of Health reported the prevalence rate of dental caries in preschool children is 89.1% (deft=7.3), which showed a big discrepancy with the WHO’s 2025 goal of 90% no caries occurrence in the aged 5 children worldwide. Carious deciduous teeth will seriously affect the health, eruption and arrangement of the permanent teeth. Good oral hygiene habits in childhood may prevent many oral health problems later on. Prevention of dental caries, therefore, should begin in preschool period. The aims of this research were (l) to understand the caries status of preschool children in Tainan County, (2) to explore the relationship among background factors, nursing experiences, intake of sweets, oral hygiene habits, fluoride application, children’s dental visits and the caries status, and (3) to explore the impact of parents’ dental behavior on children’s caries condition and teeth cleaning behavior. The subjects of this study consisted of 13447 kindergarten students aged 3-6 years, who accepted the oral examinations in Tainan County. There were 547 parents randomly selected to fill out questionnaires. The response rate of children was 91.2%. The results revealed that the caries rate was 78.7%. The deft index was 5.0?4.3, and the filling rate was 16.0%. The critical period of increasing in caries was between age 3 and 4 years old, but the filling rates between those ages did not significantly change. The caries prevalence rate of the permanet first molars (63.5%) was the highest, with that of the incisors (8.8%) the lowest. The prevalence rate of aged-6 children with first molars was 28.7%, the caries prevalence was 4.3%, and the filling rate was 1%. The results showed that preschool children’s caries conditions (including caries prevalence and the caries deft index) were significantly different among factors such as children’s age, residence, sweet contents and dental visits. The statistical differences were also found between care-takers’ and children’s numbers of daily teeth cleaning.