- 學位論文
以複方食材改善內臟油脂形成與改善代謝症候群
A study on Various Functional Food Formulas to Reduce the Visceral Fat Formation and Metabolic Syndrome Parameters
摘要
內臟脂肪已被證實與皮下脂肪有明顯不同的生理作用，由內臟脂肪分泌之脂肪激素 (Adipokines) 亦被廣泛認為與第 2 型糖尿病中之胰島素阻抗現象、高血壓、心血管疾病、癌症及代謝症候群等有關聯性，因此，腰圍成為判斷內臟脂肪含量和代謝症候群的重要指標。本研究目的為結合多項已知具有改善代謝症候群指標的食材，包括洛神花、綠藻、苦瓜、甘草和肉桂，特別針對改善內臟脂肪而組成複方，探討是否能有效改善內臟脂肪的囤積，並同時能改善代謝症候群的其他危險因子。
本研究共飼養 40隻 SD 大鼠，其中 8 隻以正常飲食餵飼作為基礎組 (B)，32 隻大鼠以高升糖指數 (Glycemic index；GI) 之精製糖與高油飲食經 16 週誘發代謝症候群症狀，再以每組 8 隻，共分成 4 組進行 12 週的改善實驗，組別為：C、T1、T2 及 T3 組。C 組持續以高油高精製糖餵飼，其它 3 組則添加複方食材至高油高精製糖飲食中，各組複方食材分別為：T1 - 洛神花、綠藻；T2 - 洛神花、綠藻、苦瓜；T3 - 洛神花、綠藻、甘草、肉桂。在飼養期滿後犧牲，採血，並取下肝臟、內臟脂肪 (Vis: 副睪脂肪、腎周脂肪、腸繫模脂肪) 和皮下脂肪 (Sub)；血液分析禁食血漿總膽固醇 (TC)、三酸甘油酯 (TG)、高密度脂蛋白膽固醇 (HDL-C)、空腹血糖 (FG)、胰島素 (Insulin) 、脂聯素 (Adiponectin) 及血壓等；肝臟則測定其TC與TG，並推算其飼料轉換效率與能量轉換效率、低密度脂蛋白膽固醇 (LDL-C)、高低密度脂蛋白膽固醇比值 (HDL-C/LDL-C)、胰島素阻抗參數 (IR) 和體脂肪分布等。
研究結果顯示，與 B 組相比，高油高精製糖飲食之 C 組可誘發體重上升、內臟脂肪堆積 (副睪脂肪、腎周脂肪、腸繫膜脂肪)、高血漿 TG、高血糖、胰島素血症、胰島素阻抗、高血壓、脂肪肝、肝腫大現象及降低脂聯素與 HDL-C 等代謝症候群現象。相較於 C 組， T1 組有增加血漿HDL-C (0.01
並列摘要
It has been found that visceral fat has different physiological functions from subcutaneous fat and has strong relationship with metabolic syndrome. The fat hormones (Adipokines), secreted by the visceral fat, were also widely considered to have strong relationship with insulin resistance, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, cancer and metabolic syndrome. Therefore, the waist circumference becomes an important indicator for diagnosing metabolic syndrome and visceral fat accumulation. Main goal of the study was to investigate a most effective formula combining numerous various functional foods which have been known to prevent or reduce the risk factors, especially visceral fat, of metabolic syndrome, such as roselle, chlorella, bitter gourd, licorice and cinnamon.
There were 40 SD rats employed for the in vivo study. Eight animals were selected randomly and fed the normal chow as a blank group. The other 32 rats were fed a high oil and high fine sugar basal diet for 16 weeks to induce metabolic syndrome. Then, the 32 animals were randomly divided into 4 groups, 8 each. Among the 4 groups, one of them kept feeding the high oil and high fine sugar basal diet for another 12 weeks. The other 3 groups fed the basal diet with various combinations of functional foods formula including T1, roselle and chlorella; T2, roselle, chlorella, and bitter gourd; T3, roselle, chlorella, licorice and cinnamon.
At the end of feeding, animals were sacrificed. The visceral (Vis) fat including epididymal fat, perirenal fat and mesenteric fat, ventral trunk subcutaneous (Sub) fat, plasma fasting glucose (FG), insulin, total cholesterol (TC), triacylglycerol (TG), high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), adiponectin, blood pressure (BP) and liver cholesterol, etc. of each animal were determined. The feed efficiency, energy efficiency, low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), ratio of high and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C/LDL-C), homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance index (IR), and body fat distribution were also calculated.
The results showed that the high oil and high fine sugar basal diet could induce to have higher body fat, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistant, hypertension, fatty liver, hepatomegaly, higher plasma TG, lower adiponectin and HDL-C. Compare with basal diet, T1 group has higher plasma HDL-C (0.01