- 學位論文
三語者詞彙觸接的非選擇性：中文—英文—馬來文三語者的眼動研究證據
The Non-Selectivity of Trilingual Lexical Access: Evidence from Eye Movements of Chinese—English—Malay Trilinguals
摘要
越來越多的人會說三种語言。然而，關于三語者詞彙觸接的非選擇性研究並不多。本研究的目的是從翻譯方向的角度調查三語者的跨語言激發，例如從L1翻譯到L3或是從L3翻譯到L1。本研究使用兩個單詞翻譯再認作業測試三語者的非目標語言是否以及如何影響其它兩種語言之間的交互作用。 60名中—英—馬來文三語者參加了本研究。在馬來—中文翻譯再認作業中，實驗組的促發詞（待譯詞）是馬來—英文語際同形異議詞。而在中文—馬來語翻譯再認作業中，中文單詞的英文翻譯詞恰好是馬來—英文語際同形異議詞。 研究結果表明在這兩項作業中，參與者更傾向注視目標詞（正確翻譯詞），並對目標詞有更長的閱讀時間，其次是競爭詞，最後是無關的干擾詞。最後注視位置則顯示參與者更有可能注視目標詞，其次是競爭詞，最後是無關的干擾詞。對於初始注視位置，馬來—中文翻譯再認作業的眼動模式與預期假設不同，而中文—馬來文翻譯再認作業的眼動模式部分滿足了預期假設。與無關的干擾詞相比，競爭詞獲得了更多的注視和更長的閱讀時間。結果顯示非目標語言（例如：英語）在作業中的共同激發情況調節了兩種目標語言（例如：中文和馬來文）之間的翻譯歷程。本研究的結果讓人們對三種語言的三向交互的複雜性有了更多的了解。
並列摘要
More and more people are trilinguals hitherto; however, there is much less research examining trilinguals’ non-selective activation. The purpose of the present study was to investigate trilinguals’ cross-language activation from the perspective of translation directions, for example from L1 to L3 or L3 to L1. More specificity, whether and how a non-target language, the language that is not explicitly used in a task, influences the interaction between the other two languages was tested using two word translation recognition tasks. 60 Chinese—English—Malay trilinguals took part in this study. In the Malay—Chinese translation recognition task, the experimental to-be-translated words are Malay—English interlingual homographs. In the Chinese—Malay translation recognition task, the English translation equivalents of Chinese words are Malay—English interlingual homographs. Results of the studies showed that in both tasks, participants were more likely to fixate and had a longer viewing time on the targets, subsequently followed by the competitors and last on the distractors. The last fixation location also showed that participants were more likely to fixate on the targets, followed by competitors and lastly the distractors. For the first fixation location, the Malay—Chinese translation recognition task's pattern of allocation varies from what is expected, while the Chinese—Malay translation recognition task’s pattern is partially fulfilled the expectation. In comparison with unrelated distractors, competitors received more fixation and a longer viewing time. The results indicated that co-activation of non-target language (e.g., English) moderated the translation process between two target languages (e.g., Chinese and Malay). Hence, the findings of the study provide more understanding of the complexity of the three-way interactions of the three languages.