- 學位論文
中台灣汽/機車酒駕者累犯及酒精鎖安裝意願及願付價格之研究
Car/motorbike Drunk Driving Recidivism and Alcohol Interlock Willingness to Adopt and Pay in Central Taiwan
摘要
本研究探討影響汽機車酒駕者累犯之重要因素，以及影響汽機車酒駕者安裝酒精鎖的意願及願付價格。調查對象為2020年中台灣道安講習課程學員，凡遭取締違規之酒駕者均須參加此課程；調查內容包含酒駕者社會經濟特性、家庭生命週期特性、酒精鎖與酒駕認知特性、酒駕取締前後飲酒模式與自我健康評估的特性、旅次變化特性。 本研究利用Logistic回歸模式分別建立影響汽機車酒駕者累犯的模式，校估結果顯示：AUDIT評分、酒測值和酒駕頻率等變量都顯著影響累犯的可能性。在家庭生命週期方面，已婚且子女年齡在1至5歲之間的酒駕者較不會酒駕累犯，因為遭受道德與經濟方面的更高約束較不會酒駕累犯。汽車酒駕取締過後有機車作為替代運具者更有可能成為酒駕累犯。 本研究利用Double-Hurdle模式分別建立影響汽機車酒駕者模式，顯著變數包含：酒精鎖認同度、汽車持有數、大學以下學歷、低收入者皆顯著影響參與意願及願付價格；酒駕取締前後皆被Alocohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT)歸類於高風險飲酒者的酒駕者，越願意安裝且支付較高價格，並且隨著飲酒風險水平的增加，對強制性酒精鎖的偏好更加強烈；自我健康狀況評估下降者較願意安裝且出更高價格，可能了解到健康每況愈下，想透過參與酒精鎖計畫改善其健康狀態；酒駕取締後使用機車作為汽車的替代運具者，較傾向安裝酒精鎖及出價。 本研究建議透過以下之措施減少汽機車酒駕者累犯的可能性，例如：同時吊扣、吊銷汽機車駕照、利用酒精鎖限制駕駛權，或提高警察取締頻率，皆能有效地減少酒駕的可能性；為解決酒駕者酒精消費問題，透過將高風險飲酒者與高濃度吹氣酒駕者列入日後重點追蹤的對象，亦可避免酒駕累犯。 建議透過以下之措施提升酒精鎖安裝率：經濟較難以負擔的家庭，應給予酒精鎖費用的補助，以激勵酒精鎖的安裝率；吊扣、吊銷駕照期限過長，導致酒駕者透過旅次數的降低規避安裝酒精鎖所需的成本，若能給予自願安裝酒精鎖者縮短吊扣、吊銷駕照期限的寬容待遇，應可提高安裝酒精鎖的意願。
並列摘要
This study explored the important factors affecting the recidivism rate of drunk driving for car and motorbike users. The respondents were students of Taiwan’s road safety training course, which was required for all drunk drivers who were suspended from driving due to the violation of regulations. The characteristics of drunk car and motorbike drivers, such as socioeconomic variables, alcohol consumption changes, family life cycle, and changes in the number of trips, were investigated. This study respectively estimated the models affecting the recidivism rate of drunk driving for car and motorbike users with the logistic regression model. The main variables included drivers with university degree or above tend not to be recidivists compared to the drivers without one, such respondents are more willing to avoid the risk of becoming drunk driving recidivists. Moreover, the variables of alcohol use disorders identification test (AUDIT), breath alcohol concentration, and frequency of drunk driving all significantly affect the possibility of recidivism. In terms of family life cycle, married respondents with children aged between 1 and 5 are less likely to become drunk driving recidivists. Those who take motorbikes as an alternative vehicle after being suspended from driving cars are more likely to become drunk driving recidivists. This study respectively estimates the models affecting drunk car/motorbike drivers by the Double-Hurdle model, and finds that the significant variables that influence willingness to participate and to pay are recognition of alcohol interlocks, the number of cars owned, university degree or below, and low incomes. The respondents who are classified by AUDIT as high-risk drinkers before and after drunk driving prohibition are more willing to use alcohol interlocks and to pay higher prices, and their preference for mandatory alcohol interlocks becomes stronger with their increased drinking risk level. Those with declined health self-assessments are willing to use alcohol interlocks and pay higher prices, probably because they are aware of their declining health and would like to improve their health by participating in the alcohol interlock program. After drunk driving prohibition, those who take motorbikes as an alternative to cars are more likely to use and pay for alcohol interlocks. This study suggests that the measures of suspending or withdrawing car and motorbike driver’s licenses at the same time, using alcolocks to restrict the right to drive, and increasing the frequency of drunk driving crackdown. In addition, in terms of alcohol consumption behaviors, drinkers with high risks and drunk drivers with high breath alcohol concentrations should be regarded as the key targets for future tracking, in order to avoid drunk driving recidivism. This study suggests that the following measures should be taken to increase the alcohol interlock installation rate: subsidies shall be offered for alcohol interlocks to families with financial difficulties to increase the alcohol interlock installation rate; since the current duration of license suspension and withdrawal lead drunk drivers to avoid the costs of alcohol interlocks by reducing the number of trips, the willingness to install alcohol interlocks may be increased by reducing the duration of license suspension and withdrawal.