直接壓榨與乙醇萃取木鱉果油品質之研究

木鱉果 (Momordica cochinchinensis)在熱帶地區是許多國家種植的熱帶植物，果肉成為佳餚的一部分，而假種皮通常則是拿來榨取油脂具有經濟效益。有相關研究用了不同溶劑萃取木鱉果油以改善萃取的木鱉果油中的番茄紅素和β-胡蘿蔔素含量而其中使用氯仿-甲醇（2：1）混合物萃取方式含有最高濃度的番茄紅素和β-胡蘿蔔素，而己烷萃取的油含有最低含量的類胡蘿蔔素。然而，在許多用於萃取木鱉果油的溶劑中都存在著環境汙染及人體健康上的疑慮。本實驗使用不同濃度乙醇來萃取木鱉果油探討與直接壓榨木鱉果油品質之影響。實驗材料為木鱉果乾燥之假種皮，以不同濃度之乙醇 (95%、65%、50%、30%) 萃取出木鱉果油經過脫膠處理後和直接壓榨的木鱉果油進行分析。實驗結果顯示乙醇萃取在95%得到最高的機能性成分與抗氧化活性，而與其他乙醇濃度相比，50%油脂萃取率最高，脂肪酸組成與假種皮相似，且酸價結果最佳，具有高含量的β-胡蘿蔔素、番茄紅素。綜合以上實驗結果在抗氧化實驗方面以95%乙醇萃取表現最為突出，而50%乙醇萃取有最佳的品質呈現。表示乙醇萃取木鱉果油是具可行性的，未來作為研究發展可以不同需求以不同濃度萃取木鱉果油做不同的食品添加應用。

關鍵字

木鱉果油；假種皮；乙醇萃取；直接壓榨

並列摘要

Gac fruit (Momordica cochinchinensis) is a tropical plant grown in many countries in tropical regions, oil extracted from gac aril are used to manufacture dietary supplements in soft capsules, and pulp is part of the dishes. This experiment was designed to investigate the effects of different concentrations of ethanol extraction and direct pressing of gac oil. The studies have used different solvents to extract gac oil to improve the content of lycopene and β-carotene in the extracted gac oil, and the chloroform-methanol (2:1) mixture extraction method contains the highest concentration of lycopene and β-carotene. While hexane-extracted oil contains the lowest levels of carotenoids. However, there are environmental concerns and human health concerns in many solvents used to extract gac oil. The experimental material was a dried gac aril. The direct pressed gac oil and extracted with different concentrations of ethanol (95%, 65%, 50%, 30%) gac oil were degumming and stored for analysis. The results showed that ethanol extraction obtained the highest functional ingredients and antioxidant activity in 95%, and compared with other ethanol concentrations, 50% ethanol extraction gac oil is much better quality than others, the fatty acid similar to gac aril fatty acid and has high content of β-carotene and lycopene. To sum up the results, the 95% ethanol extraction have better performance in antioxidants, the 50% ethanol extraction has the best quality. Therefore, ethanol extraction of gac oil can be further studied as a novel processing technology.