- 學位論文
副豬格拉氏桿菌疫苗於臺灣田間豬場使用成效之評估
Evaluation of Efficacy of Glaesserella parasuis Vaccine in Pig Farms in Taiwan
摘要
副豬格拉氏桿菌 (Glaesserella parasuis, G. parasuis) 為巴氏德桿菌科，革蘭氏陰性多型性桿菌。G. parasuis為造成豬隻格拉氏病 (Glässer's disease) 之病原，此病主要影響保育豬隻，可導致豬隻出現喘、咳、生長遲緩甚至死亡等臨床症狀，對養豬產業造成極大的經濟損失。疫苗的使用可降低G. parasuis的發生，但目前對於商業化疫苗於臺灣田間豬場使用後的成效及安全性的文獻相當有限，因此本研究目的為評估田間豬場使用商業化G. parasuis疫苗後的成效與安全性。本研究於兩個商業化豬場各進行三個批次之試驗，將其區分為母豬及小豬施打疫苗組 (VS-VP)、母豬施打疫苗小豬未施打疫苗組 (VS-NVP) 及母豬與小豬皆未施打疫苗組 (NVS-NVP) 共三組。母豬疫苗於分娩前6-8週及2-4週施打，仔豬則於1及3週齡施打，隨後觀察施打疫苗後之不良反應，並採集豬隻血液及初乳檢測抗體力價，記錄死亡率、日增重及上市肉豬肺臟病變評分，以評估疫苗成效。結果顯示母豬施打疫苗無嚴重不良反應，母豬免疫後之血清及初乳特異性IgG抗體力價揚升且顯著高於未免疫組，免疫組母豬所生之仔豬於1週齡時血清中IgG抗體力價亦顯著高於未免疫組之仔豬，仔豬免疫後亦可見抗體揚升且顯著高於未免疫組並持續至9週齡。保育舍三批次總育成率可見VS-VP組與VS-NVP 之間無統計學上差異，但兩組皆顯著高於NVS-NVP組。日增重及上市肉豬肺臟胸膜炎評分，母豬或仔豬有無施打疫苗並無明顯差異。由此試驗結果可知懷孕母豬施打商業化G. parasuis疫苗安全且能成功誘發G. parasuis抗體且透過初乳傳遞給其仔豬，進而提升保育舍育成率。
並列摘要
Glaesserella parasuis (G. parasuis), a Gram-negative polymorphic rod-shaped bacterium which belongs to family Pasteurellaceae, causes Glässer's disease in swine. Glässer's disease mainly affects nursery pigs and causes clinical symptoms such as wheeze, cough, growth retardation and even death, and it results in huge economic loss in the swine industry. Vaccination can reduce the occurrence of G. parasuis. However, there is limited reports that mentioned about the efficacy and safety of the commercial vaccine after applying to field in Taiwan. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the commercial G. parasuis vaccine through trial of three batches in two commercial pig farms (Farm A and B). Three batches, with a total of three groups, were divided into vaccinated sow and vaccinated piglet group (VS-VP), vaccinated sow and non-vaccinated piglet group (VS-NVP) and non-vaccinated sow and non-vaccinated piglet group (NVS-NVP). Vaccines were immunized twice at 6-8 weeks and 2-4 weeks before farrowing for sows, and 1 and 3 weeks old for piglets. Adverse reactions were observed after vaccination, blood and colostrum were collected to detect the antibody titers. Mortality, weight and carcass lung pleuritis scores of slaughtered pigs were recorded to evaluate the efficacy of the vaccine. The results showed that there was no severe adverse reaction in vaccinated sows. IgG antibody titers in serum and colostrum of sows showed elevating antibody titer after immunization and it was significantly higher than non-vaccinated group. In addition, IgG antibody titers in serum of piglets that farrow by vaccinated sows was significantly higher than the piglets farrow by non-vaccinated sow at 1 week old. After piglets were immunized, antibody also increased and showed significantly higher than the non-vaccinated group until 9 weeks old. The survival rate in nursery house showed that VS-VP group and VS-NVP group were significantly higher than NVS-NVP group. As for the average daily gain and lung pleuritis scores showed that no significant difference between vaccinated and non-vaccinated with sows and piglets. The results showed that vaccination of pregnant sows can successfully induce G. parasuis antibodies, and the maternal antibodies can transfer to their offsprings through colostrum, which can further increase the survival rate in nursery house.