摘要
高血壓或高血壓病是現代醫學名詞，古代醫家並沒有提出高血壓的病名，但多以症狀作命名，所以歷代中醫文獻中不乏對高血壓的症狀及併發症的描述。如頭暈，頭痛，頭重，眩暈，耳鳴，耳聾，腦鳴，中風，項強，健忘，不寐等。但是以眩暈、頭痛症狀為主要，屬於中醫眩暈、肝風之領域。本文從近代四個方面的中醫研究探討高血壓病的辨證論治。首先主要臨床症狀流行病學研究，統計眩暈約占70%，心悸、失眠、頭痛等約占40%-50%。顯示了以人體上部為主的規律，比較傾向中醫陽亢火盛的特點。在舌診研究方面，透過高血壓病眼底及舌質的觀察，患者眼底檢查陽性與舌尖微循環異常陽性的符合率達65.6%。另研究高血壓分期與舌質微循環異常表現馮隨期加重。說明高血壓患者舌質改變，不論宏觀或微觀的改變均是相符的。綜合臨床資料，高血壓病的脈象弦脈約占80%以上。用4個層次加壓實驗，發現高血壓陽性脈與測血壓結果的符合率為96%。證候研究方面，在高血壓病1038例中，以構成比大於5%的證候作為高血壓病常見證候，其中肝陽上亢（238例），是高血壓病各期及不同病理中構成比最高的證候。 中醫對高血壓病治療以改善症狀為主，遵循辨證論治的中醫基本原則。高血壓病歸納起來有火、虛、風、痰、瘀等幾種因素，主要涉及肝、腎、心、腦等臟腑。大部分醫家認為，臨床上高血壓病患者以肝火上炎型和肝陽上亢型為多見，分別以龍膽瀉肝湯和天麻鈎藤飲加減治療。而年老患者及更年期的女性患者則以肝腎不足的表現為主，二仙湯、六味地黃丸治療效果較好。在各種證型中，採用調肝腎、祛痰瘀治法及其組方對肝腎不足，痰瘀阻絡者治療效果頗佳。
並列摘要
The Hypertension or Hypertension Disease is the modern medical name, and there was no disease called Hypertension by ancient doctors. But it is named by the symptom. So there are descriptions for the symptom and the complication of Hypertension in ancient Chinese Medicine literature, such as dizziness, headache, heavy head, faint, tinnitus, deaf, brain chirps, apoplexy, fatigue, forgetful, and insomnia etc. But the main symptom is dizzy and headache in Chinese Medicine field. This paper uses Chinese Medicine syndrome to study Hypertension Disease from four modem aspects. First, the main clinical symptom of epidemiology is studied, the dizziness accounts for 70% dizzily, and the palpitation, insomnia, and headache account for 40%-50%. It is shown that the main disorder is occurred at upper part of human body, and it features Yang fever in Chinese Medicine. As for the study on diagnosis of tongue, the abnormal rate of positive eye bottom and micro-circulation of tongue tip is up to 65.6%, through observing of the eye bottom and tongue of patient with Hypertension. Besides, the study shows the patient with Hypertension will have macro and micro change. The rate of abnormal pulse is more than 80% from the comprehensive clinical data. In the 4 level pressurized experiments, it is found that the coincidence rate of positive pulse and high blood pressure is 96%. As for the study of syndrome, greater than 5% of forming ratio will be common syndrome of Hypertension Disease in 1038 cases, wherein the overactive liver yang (238 cases) is the highest syndrome in different pathology. The treatment of Hypertension Disease is to improve the symptom by Chinese Medicine, and follow the basic principle of Chinese Medicine syndrome. There are several factors for Hypertension Disease, such as fire, deficiency, wind, phlegm, and silt etc., which mainly involve the internal organs, such as liver, kidney, heart, and brain etc. The majority of physicians think that the liver inflammation and liver yang overactive are very common for the patient with Hypertension. The Long Dan Shel Gan Tang and Tian Ma Gou Teeng Yiin are used for the treatment, respectively. The old patient and women patient of menopause rely mainly on the behavior of liver and kidney deficiency. The er xian tang and Liu Wei Di Huang Wan will have better therapy effect. In various kinds of syndrome, the adjustment of liver and kidney, elimination of the phlegm and silt, and the addition for the deficiency of kidney, and the removal for the blockage of phlegm and silt will get very good result of treatment.