並列摘要
Digoxin extracted from the foxglove plant has been used to treat heart failure and atrial fibrillation for decades. Cardiac glycosides with digoxin-like effects are found in a diverse group of plants and animals in our environment. Digoxin-like intoxication can occur acutely by accidental ingestion of cardiac glycosides-containing foods or chronically when intrinsic factors or drug interactions inadvertently potentiate the effects of digoxin. Patients with chronic kidney disease own a higher risk of digoxin intoxication because of impaired clearance of digoxin and coexisted acid-base or electrolyte imbalance. This review summarizes the sources, pharmacokinetics, presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of cardiac glycosides.