地鐘有無鑲面與不同熱處理方式之聲音特性探討

地鐘是華人社會的重要文化產品之一，經常出現在寺廟或宗教祭典的相關場合。地鐘常有不同鑲面的表面設計，又不同的材料配方及熱處理方式都是影響地鐘聲音品質的重要關鍵因素之一，本文針對相同的銅料，分別對有無镶面的表面結構以及不同融銅溫度及降溫方式的熱處理方式所製作的九種地鐘，探討其不同表面結構及熱處理方式對地鐘之聲音特性的影響。將地鐘採懸掛方式進行敲擊實驗，同時以麥克風量測敲擊地鐘時所發出之聲音訊號，透過頻譜分析儀及聲音量測軟體進行分析，可分別取得地鐘的時間域響應及其對應的時頻圖與聲音頻譜。經比較九種地鐘的敲擊聲音分析發現，除了地鐘本身的物理性質之外，有無鑲面與不同熱處理方式確實會對地鐘的聲音特性造成影響。此外，在融銅溫度較高的地鐘，則呈現基音頻率較低及持久度較長的聲音特性；而地鐘有鑲面時，則會有基音頻率較高之現象。藉由本文對地鐘表面有無鑲面，以及不同熱處理方式所製作的地鐘，所進行的聲音特性探討之分析方法及觀察到之現象，未來可提供發展設計與製造具有良好聲音品質之地鐘的參考。

關鍵字

地鐘；聲音量測；聲音頻譜

並列摘要

Bell is a typical Chinese cultural product and frequently used in temple for religious purposes. Bell reveals different design of decoration on the surface. Different material formulation and heat treatments may affect the percussion sound quality of the bell. This work aims to use the same copper material and make nine bells for with and without decoration on the surfaces as well as different copper melting temperatures and heat treatments so as to investigate the percussion sound characteristics among the nine bells. The bells are suspended and struck with mallet to generate percussion sound that is measured by the microphone via FFT analyzer. The time domain response and its corresponding time-frequency plot as well as sound spectrum can be obtained. Results show other than the bell's physical properties decorations on the surface and material heat treatment will result in different sound characteristics. The bells made with high melting temperature produce low fundamental frequencies and longer lasting sound, while the bells with the decoration on the surface reveal higher fundamental frequencies. The experimental approach and analysis method in this work to explore the percussion sound of different bells can be adopted for future study, and the differences regarding the sound spectrum among the bells for decorations and material treatments can be useful for the bell design and manufacture.

並列關鍵字

bell ； sound measurement ； sound spectrum

國際替代計量

地鐘有無鑲面與不同熱處理方式之聲音特性探討

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