二零一三年中國民主觀察

2013年是中華人民共和國一個新的局面的開始。就在前一年的年底，中國共產黨剛召開黨的第十八次全國代表大會，以投票形式確認由習近帄出任第十八屆中央委員會總書記，而胡錦濤則代表第十七屆中央委員會對十八大提交政治報告〈堅定不移沿著中國特色社會主義道路前進，爲全面建成小康社會而奮鬥〉並獲得大會通過，這意味著中共全體黨員通過十八大的決議，交付給了習近帄為首的新一代領導團隊在未來五年任期裡必須要推動的重大政治任務。這一政治任務，就包括了「黨內民主」，而關於國家政治體制的改革，則就與國家的民主化問題直接關聯。本文擬以2013年為時間段，觀察中華人民共和國在習近帄甫出任共產黨總書記和國家主席後的第一年裡政治體制改革的動向，兼及共產黨黨國陰影籠罩下香港與澳門兩個特別行政區的民主發展。

關鍵字

中國民主化；中國共產黨；黨內民主；習近帄；一國兩制

並列摘要

The year 2013 is a beginning of a new chapter for the People's Republic of China. Just at the end of 2012, the Communist Party of China held its 18th National Congress and confirmed Xi Jinping as the18th Central Committee's General Secretary by voting. Hu Jintao, the 17th Central Committee's General Secretary, presented a keynote political report, ＂Firmly March on the Path of Socialism with Chinese Characteristics and Strive to Complete the Building of A Moderately Prosperous Society in All Respects,＂ which was ratified by the Party's congress. It meant that all of the party members agreed to pass the political leadership to a new generation represented by Xi Jinping to achieve these important political goals in his five year term of office. These important political goals clearly include facilitating ＂Intra-party Democracy＂ and reforming political structure of the State, the latter directly related the issue of China's democratization. This article aims to examine the development of the People's Republic of China's political structure reform in Xi Jinping's first year term of the Communist Party of China's general secretary and the republic's president in 2013, and the democratic development of the two special administrative regions, Hong Kong and Macao, under the regime of the Communist's party state.