- 期刊
中國「救母」故事的思想研究
Research on Thought of the Chinese Tale ＂Saves Mother＂
摘要
從《佛說盂蘭盆經》開始，孝就成爲外來佛教與本土文化融合的契機。〈敦煌目連救母變文〉目連的行為方式體現儒家思想的影響。孝親思想在變文中的集中表現，標誌著目連形象完成本土化的進程，至此，目連成為一個中國化的目連。方成培《雷峰塔傳奇》白蛇為丈夫吃盡苦頭，最後被法海鎮壓雷峰塔下，安排她的兒子考上狀元，祭塔救出母親。在後來的劇中神仙形象的塑造、仙境場景設置及種種神秘方術描寫，都是道教文化體現。佛教與道教的雜糅、融合與互補使該劇充滿了神秘的宗教文化色彩，也賦予這部劇作以神異奇幻的風格特徵。沉香故事中人神結合，出於道教影響，子可以為「救母」而挑戰天神的情節；子也可爲救母而劈山順利救出母親完成孝道，這是儒家倫理道德的實踐。余象斗《南遊記》爲儒、釋、道思想的匯集體，華光救母離地獄，幾經周折，重歸佛門，被玉帝封「五顯靈官大帝」，「華光」與「五顯」在民間的流傳中後來合稱。民間將「五顯」與道教、佛教聯繫在一起，形成「五顯華光」信仰，最後被佛、道正統所接納。本文要探討的是爲何要救母？故事在後來的流傳演進發展過程中如何與儒、釋、道作融合、接納與拼貼呢？
並列摘要
Since the Buddha classical work, Ullambana Sutra (佛說盂蘭盆經), filial piety has been offering an opportunity for the combination of the non-native Buddhism and native culture. In Dunhuang Bianwen-Mulian Saves Mother 〈敦煌目連救母變文〉, Mulian's action embodies the influence of Confucianism. The thought of filial piety in bianwen marks the localization of the image of Mulian (Maudgalyayana), progressing into the Chinese Mulian. In Fan Cheng-Pei's The Legend of Leifeng Pagoda, the White Snake suffering all kinds of hardships for her husband, is stifled by Leifeng Pagoda. Her son scores number one in the national examination, worshiping her mother and saves her. Later in the legend, the shaping the goddess' image, the setting of the fairy world, and many descriptions of the magic are all the embodiment of the culture of Taoism. The combination and complement of Buddhism and Taoism make the legend full of the mysticism of religion and endow the legend with the characteristics of mystery and fantasy. In the tale of Chen Xiang Saves Mother, human beings and gods are associated, and out of filial piety, the son challenges the heavenly god for saving his mother. The son also slashes off the mountain and performs his filial piety, which is the fulfillment of the ethics of Confucianism. In Yu Xiang-Dou's South Travels, Confucianism, Buddhism, and Taoism converge into one. Hua Guang saves his mother out of hell, after many twists and turns, returning to Buddhism, and he is entitled the Emperor of Five-Apparition Bureaucrats by Jade Emperor. Later, Hua Guang and Five Apparitions are combined by folks. Folks associate the Five Apparitions with Taoism and Buddhism, and the belief of Five-apparition Hua Guang is then formed. Finally, it is accepted by orthodox Buddhism and Taoism. This thesis discusses why saving mothers. How does the story merge, accept, and collage with Confucianism, Buddhism, and Taoism in the later development process?