- 期刊
「抽象階梯」在IBDP中文A試卷二論文寫作中的運用
The Application of ＂Abstraction Ladder＂ in Paper 2 Essay Writing in IBDP Chinese A
摘要
論文寫作爲國際文憑大學預科項目（IBDP）中文A（Chinese A）課程的教學重點之一。本文以語言學家早川（S. I. Hayakawa＆Alan R. Hayakawa）博士提出的「抽象階梯」（abstraction ladder）為理論基礎，分析如何在中文A的試卷二（paper 2）「比較論文」（comparative essay）寫作中運用「抽象階梯」的概念，以達到測驗的要求。論文首先說明試卷二的規定、評分標準與寫作方向，並指出試卷二的答題重點；接著介紹語義學中「抽象階梯」的概念，指出靈活運用詞彙的抽象程度有助於增加寫作時論述的說服力。根據答題重點和抽象階梯的概念，以常見的文學術語「象徵」為例，分析辭典在定義術語時，如何使用抽象程度不同層級的詞彙完整地解釋術語的意義。最後，探討抽象階梯的概念在論文的實際運用，以IB公布的試卷二滿分範文爲例，分析範文中語句的抽象化程度。本文藉由抽象階梯在論文寫作上的實際分析，作爲在IBDP中文A課程中試卷二寫作教學的範例，引導學生在論文寫作時能夠更靈活地運用詞彙和語句。
並列摘要
Essay writing is one of the essential teaching points of the IBDP Chinese A subject course. This article will use the ＂abstraction ladder＂, proposed by linguists S. I. Hayakawa and Alan R. Hayakawa, to analyze how to form a comparative essay of paper 2 in Chinese A, in order to meet the requirements of the assessment. The discussion will proceed in four divisions. The first section will explain the criteria, mark standards,and writing directions of paper 2, as well as point out the key points while writing. Secondly, this article will introduce the concept of ＂abstraction ladder＂ in semantics, and point out that the flexible use of the abstraction of words is helpful to increase the persuasive power of the discourse in writing. Thirdly, according to the key points and the concept of the abstraction ladder, this article takes the common literary term ＂symbol＂ as an example to analyze how to use different levels of abstraction to fully explain the meaning of a literary term when defining it. Finally, this article will discuss the practical application of the concept of abstraction ladder in essay writing, and analyze the degree of abstractness of the sentences in the essay by using the IB exam paper exemplar. Based on the practical analysis of abstraction ladder in essay writing, this article, as an example of the writing teaching of IBDP Chinese A subject, will guide students to use vocabulary and sentences more flexibly in paper 2.