Southeast Asian Social Science Review
Malaysian Social Science Association (PSSM) & the Institute of Malaysian and International Studies (IKMAS) Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia,正常發行
選擇卷期
- 期刊
This paper addresses the immensely significant process of how best to acquire familiarity and skills in using new agricultural technologies in low-income areas. Adopting such technologies can enable large increases in outputs and quality, but is fraught with difficulties and hard to implement. The topic is notably relevant in developing the remote rural peripheries of South and Southeast Asia. Their incomes are generally far below the national averages, but there are often big potentials for technological improvement. The question of technology adoption is crucial especially how it could be enhanced through contrasting modes of 'social engineering', comparing a 'bottom-up' approach in eastern Indonesia with the 'top-down' strategy of Felda in Malaysia. This paper discusses the actual process of learning, scrutinizing how people in low-income contexts are best enabled not only to acquire new knowledge but apply it effectively in transforming their circumstances. The focus will be on agricultural extension and on relations between the work of extension officers and the thought, learning and implementation processes of targeted individuals and families. The influence of social and cultural contexts is appraised, exploring how learning can be best facilitated within different local milieus. How can the extension be enhanced, and how is an effective learning relationship between officer and villager established?
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This descriptive study analyzes the Cabinet Secretaries' (1987 to 2022) career opportunities as former military and police uniformed officers. The respondents were cabinet secretaries. The opportunity structures are investigated throughout the Philippine Bureaucracy using Ambition Theory as static, reluctant, progressive, and intrainstitutional ambitions. Former military and police officers are more contented to remain at cabinet levels. Most of the cabinet secretaries (24) stayed static at the cabinet secretary level. Ten (10) cabinet secretaries have upgraded their civil leadership ladder, with the highest attained by President Fidel Ramos-former Defense Secretary. Ermita and Ebdane, Jr. are the most reappointed appointees (4 times). At the same time, only one (De Villa) went to the intrainstitutional ambition. Lastly, ten (10) cabinet secretaries are reluctant in their ambition and career opportunities and retired from government service. Three of them traversed to legislative careers after their last appointive position. Most Preferred Cabinet Departments are still in Defense Department (12), Peace Adviser (6), and National Security (6). The Philippines is currently in the "Old Professionalism Phase" but gradually evolving into the "New Professionalism Phase." Presidents appointed them to fewer military and police-related departments, converging military and civilian ideals to close their gaps even more.
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This paper aims to explain the themes of anthropotechnology in promoting greater effectiveness in technology transfer. For an effective transfer to occur, it is necessary to study and analyze the conditions of the technology recipient. In this paper, the cultural conditioning of technology transfer across nations were investigated by focusing on two different empirical manifestations of cultures. These manifestations of national cultures were made observable at two different levels of the social observation scale: first the linguistic manifestation of a national culture, observable at the micro sociological level, and the cognitive manifestation, observable at the micro individual level. Data were collected in the sub sector of the Malaysian aerospace industry in Malaysia. Linguistic findings show that manufacturing plants workers' performance is affected by communication gaps at the workplace through the invention of communication codes to counter occupational class divide. Cognitive psychology findings reveal that innate spatial abilities for novice drilling technicians may predict level of drilling performance; however, it should be noted that more evidence is needed to fully corroborate these findings. The concept of 'anthropotechnological islands' is proposed as the potential analytical framework to explain the micro and macro dialectics in this typical process of technological transfer across nations.
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This study aims to identify the struggles of urban women refugees in Malaysia in the context of Employment, Healthcare Services, Education as well as Sexual-Gender Based Violence (SGBV). Within the general refugee population, women refugees make up the second largest group. However, their struggles are often unheard of as they are over-shadowed by their male counterparts. To understand their struggles, in-depth interviews were conducted with three (3) female refugee participants from Somalia, Rohingya and Afghanistan as well as representatives from nongovernmental organizations that are operating in the country. The findings of the study show that female refugees in Malaysia face major challenges in securing employment and accessing quality healthcare services and education while waiting for durable solutions to their problem. The results also indicate that SGBV is prevalent among women refugeesmainly due to their illegal status in the country, among many other underlying factors that prohibit them from accessing their basic rights. This paper addresses the struggles of urban women refugeez from three different countries, and hopes to provide significant input in the study of female refugees in general, and most importantly, in Malaysia.
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Grassroots women as change agents played multifaceted roles in several marginalised sectors beginning from rubber plantations in Peninsular Malaysia to their primary role as kindergarten teachers. This paper examines the social ecology of the plantation community and how Persatuan Guru-Guru Tadika (PGT) (Association of Kindergarten Teachers) bridged the gap in kindergarten access and reclaimed women's traditional roles. Data for this article drawn from a qualitative study is based on interviews of eight participants between twenty-seven and sixty-eight years old. These were four senior PGT teachers, one from Kulim (Kedah), Bahau (Negeri Sembilan), Kapar (Selangor) and Chaah (Johore), two PGT field workers, a youth from Bahau who was enrolled as a child in a PGT kindergarten and a parent from Chaah (Johor). These interviews which were in Tamil, were translated and transcribed. Evidence was also gathered by viewing photographs of PGT activities. Interviews were on-site and online, staggered between April 2021 and September 2022. This study found that PGT grassroots women played empowering roles, reclaiming the role of mother as educator, nurturing kindergarten- aged children in the way a mother does.
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This research note explores the palm oil governance complex interconnected with emerging voluntary standards that continue to expand within palm oil supply chains. The multiple interactions of palm oil governance reflect how complex and overlapping a regulatory system links to states, regional organizations, for example, European Union (EU), and the private sector to govern the palm oil sector. This research analyses the competing narratives related to rules and institutions that govern the palm oil sector and then evaluates in-depth such regulations and expected standards implemented in the everyday functioning of independent smallholders to eliminate child labour in Malaysia. This research applies a qualitative approach to facilitate the exploration of interactions and partnerships across multiple levels of governance, which are increasingly embedded in complex global networks of the palm oil sector, by reviewing various data sources. The child labour allegation in East Malaysia (Sabah) is the case study for this research as there are potential implications of the palm oil governance complex in the supply chains. Preliminary research findings based on secondary sources indicate that tensions exist among different levels and sectors of government due to the clashes between the expected standards and compliance, then intertwined with the interests of businesses, contributing to the high prevalence of child labour. Empirical field findings have yet to ascertain the prevalence of child labour in Sabah.