TAIWANIA
臺灣大學生命科學院,正常發行
選擇卷期
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A new Javan endemic Tuberolabium species, Tuberolabium camperenik Yudistira, Naive & Romiyadi, is herein described and illustrated. It is unique among the three Tuberolabium species found in Indonesia by having crystal white flowers and a long, very narrow spur not thickened on the front wall around the epichile. Detailed description, colour plates, phenology, distribution and a preliminary conservation assessment are provided in this paper.
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Goodyera ×tanakae is described as a new taxon based on molecular and morphological comparison with its closely related species G. foliosa, G. velutina, G. henryi and G. maximo-velutina. Detailed morphological examination has revealed that morphological characters of G. ×tanakae, such as leaf coloration and venation and the shape of lip and column, are intermediate between G. foliosa and G. velutina. Molecular data based on genome-wide markers using the next-generation sequencing platform (MIG-seq data) have also supported that G. ×tanakae is a natural hybrid between G. foliosa and G. velutina. Both maximum likelihood and Neighbor-Net phylogenetic analysis indicated that G. ×tanakae occupies an intermediate position between G. foliosa and G. velutina. The STRUCTURE analysis also showed that G. ×tanakae has genetic components of both G. foliosa and G. velutina. Therefore, we concluded that this taxon is a natural hybrid between G. foliosa and G. velutina based on morphological and molecular data. The taxonomic identity of its closely related species G. foliosa, G. velutina, G. henryi and G. maximo-velutina has also been discussed.
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Salinity is one of the most important factors restricting vegetative production, especially in arid and semi-arid regions. In this study,the effects of the exogenous plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR: Bacillus pumilus UG-41, Bacillus cereus UG- 50) application on seedling growth, concentration of plant nutrient elements, antioxidant activity and chlorophyll, proline, sugar, hydrogen peroxide (H_2O_2), malondialdehyde (MDA), hormone contents of pepper seedlings under salinity stress conditions (100 mM NaCl) were investigated. Our results showed that gibberellic acid (GA), salicylic acid (SA), indole acetic acid (IAA), leaf relative water content (LRWC) and the concentration of all plant tissue nutrients investigated except for Na were decreased by salt stress. On the other hand, PGPR treatment increased the plant growth parameters by increasing the proline, sucrose, hormone and chlorophyll contents; altering the mineral uptake and increasing the antioxidant enzyme activity in pepper seedlings under salt stress. In conclusion, PGPR treatment may be used as an effective technique to protect the plants against salinity stress since the bacteria positively impact the ability of the plant to cope with the stress by particularly increasing the antioxidant enzyme activity, hormone level and mineral uptake.
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China is one of the five major distribution regions of Impatiens in the world, with more than 270 species distributed all over the country, especially in limestone areas such as Yunnan, Guizhou and Guangxi. In order to explore pollination ecology of Impatiens uliginosa, we conducted the following experiments: observing the floral traits and floral phenology, measuring the nectar volume and sugar concentration, counting pollen viability, deposition and removal, carrying out pollination treatments and recording floral visitors and their behavior. Results show that the average life span of a single flower is 3.23±0.68 d. The male and female phase lasted for 1.70±0.06 d and 1.53±0.63 d. The amount of nectar per flower is 6.97±0.47 ul and sugar concentration of nectar is 36.58±0.82%, respectively. Stigma is receptive on the first day of anthesis. Pollen viability is strongest on the second day of anthesis. The pollen-ovule ratio (P/O) is 3974.28±105.07. We investigated the contributions of different floral visitors. Bombus sp., Apis dorsata, Lobocla proxima, Ant sp. and Ephydra sp. are diurnal visitors. However, Bombus sp. is the most effective pollinator of I. uliginosa. Pollination treatments indicated that I. uliginosa is self-compatible but completely relies on pollinators for pollination. There is no restriction on pollination in the field and I. uliginosa can avoid inbreeding depression. This study is of great significance to enrich the biological data of pollination and protect the biodiversity of Impatiens.
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The Pteris fauriei group (Pteridaceae) includes Pteris with bipinnatisect laminae and entire pinnules. The taxonomic debate is led by morphological similarity and aggravated by the wide geographic distribution and a large number of involved taxa. We collected more than 500 plants and examined related herbarium specimens. Based on the evidence of morphology, molecular phylogeny, ecology, and reproductive biology, we propose the following taxonomic and nomenclatural novelties. 1) Two new species, Pteris austrotaiwanensis Y.S.Chao from Taiwan and Pteris pseudowulaiensis Y.S.Chao from China and Taiwan, are described. 2) The occurrence of Pteris wulaiensis in Japan is confirmed. 3) Pteris fauriei var. chinensis was treated as a synonym of Pteris latipinna Y.S.Chao & W.L.Chiou. 4) Pteris fauriei var. minor Hieron. is raised as species, Pteris minor (Hieron.) Y.S.Chao stat. nov. In this study, we clarify morphology of all known taxa in the P. fauriei group and provide a key.
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A new species and record of Begonia L. from the central highlands is described and illustrated. The new species, B. mangdenensis is assignable to Begonia sect. Platycentrum based on the axillary inflorescence, 4-tepaled staminate flower and 5- tepaled pistillate flower with ovary two locules each with two placentas. B. mangdenensis is most similar to B. lamdongiana, but it is different in its variegated (vs. uniformly green) and velvetly (vs. slightly waxy) upper surface of lamina, villous (vs. glabrous) peduncle, first pair of bracts glabrous (vs. puberulous or hirsute) in abaxial surface, bracts margin entire and ciliate (vs. denticulate or laciniate to biserrate, ciliate). In addition, B. yui Irmsch., previously known from China, is newly recorded from Vietnam.
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Stixis yingjiangensis (Resedaceae), a new species from Yingjiang, Yunnan, China, is described and illustrated. It is compared with two morphologically similar species S. philippinensis, and S. villiflora. It differs from the two species by both surfaces with sparsely strigillose on lateral nerves, midrib and pustules (each pustule is formed by a multicellular cushion from which one short hair can also be produced), inflorescences axillary, racemes, 3-9 cm, filaments lower third pubescent, upper two thirds glabrous, androgynophores 2-3 mm, glabrous except apex sparsely puberulent, gynophores with densely white hairs, ovary glabrous. A complete morphological description of Stixis yingjiangensis is provided, together with photographs, a conservation assessment, and a diagnostic key to 4 species and 1 subspecies of Stixis from China.
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Stemona namkhunensis Chatan & Promprom, a new species from the East of Thailand, is described and illustrated. It is morphologically similar to S. collinsiae Craib but clearly differs in the characteristic of the petiole, lamina, tepal, stamen, pistil, simple and pedunculated flower, and lacking bract. A morphological description, distribution, ecology, etymology, vernacular name, preliminary conservation status, and photographs are provided. A key to species of the erect species in Thailand is presented.
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The objectives of this study are two folded: (1) to record fish composition, and (2) to assess the conservation potentials for native fishes in the urban ponds of southern Taiwan. We selected 18 urban ponds in Kaohsiung and Pingtung areas as the sampling sites. Sampling work lasted from October 2019 to March 2020, and four landscape features and 16 environmental variables were measured. Fish sampling was conducted by 10 cast nets per pond, and oral surveys and harvest checking with anglers were performed, ensuring our collections covered the majority of fish composition in each pond. With the exception of one pond where no fish was collected, 20 fish species, including 15 exotic species and five native ones, were recorded from 1,189 individuals in 17 ponds. Both common and near-threatened native species were found, indicating that the urban ponds were able to conserve and support the populations of native and threatened fishes. The first five years after establishing the urban ponds are the critical period for native fishes to be sustained based on a negative correlation between the established ages of ponds and number of native fishes. By integrating a negative correlation between existence ages of ponds and number of native fishes as well as both positive correlations between NO_3-N concentration with total fish species and exotic fish species, we hypothesize that increasing nutrient concentration as the pond aged, possibly the consequence of domestic sewage and excretion of exotic fishes, may enhance the surviving prospects of exotic fishes in the urban ponds of southern Taiwan.
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Figs and their pollinating fig wasps constitute a classic example of co-evolution. Recent molecular studies revealed that multiple cryptic fig wasp species may interact with single or different fig hosts; these species include pollinators associated with Ficus pumila. However, previous studies focused on different geographical ranges and fig varieties. The full evolutionary picture of F. pumila and its pollinating wasp, Wiebesia pumilae, has not been unraveled. Here, we collected mitochondrial COI sequences from the literature and studied the evolutionary history and phylogeography of the pollinating fig wasps of F. pumila L. var. pumila (creeping fig) and F. pumila var. awkeotsang (Makino) Corner (jelly fig). The W. pumilae contains three distinct lineages, of which Sp. 3 is mostly associated with F. pumila var. awkeotsang and Sp. 1 and Sp. 2 exclusively with F. pumila var. pumila. Wiebesia sp. 3 showed no genetic differentiation between sample collected from China and Taiwan. Besides, Sp. 3 samples from China exhibits only approximately 50% of genetic diversity compared to samples from Taiwan, suggesting Sp. 3 in China was recently introduced from Taiwan. Our study clarified the co-evolutionary relationships among F. pumila varieties and their pollinators, while showing how human activities have influenced their distribution. We also provide support for the endemism of both F. pumila var. awkeotsang and Sp. 3 in Taiwan.