• 期刊

Sun Protection Factor Analysis of Sunscreens Containing Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles

二氧化鈦(TiO2)具寬廣之吸收波長範圍，可有效防禦紫外線傷害，爲市售防曬產品中常用之物理性防曬劑。爲瞭解微細化型態之二氧化鈦對紫外線UVB之防護力，本研究探討兩種不同顆粒大小之二氧化鈦（奈米級20 nm及次微米級170 nm）對防曬係數之影響，進行體外試驗與人體防曬試驗之測試。體外試驗顯示奈米二氧化鈦乳霜之防曬係數值高於次微米二氧化鈦乳霜，人體防曬試驗結果驗證此結果，並且呈現良好in vivo-in vitro之關係性。奈米二氧化鈦乳霜之防曬係數值隨著所含二氧化鈦濃度之增加而增加，成正比關係。從掃描式電子顯微鏡結果推論，含奈米二氧化鈦乳霜由於微細化粒子凝結而形成多層面的聚集，顆粒與顆粒間聚集空隙變小，對紫外光之遮避性較大，而得到較高之防曬係數值，因此提高對皮膚之防曬效率。

• 期刊

A Robust Identification Model for Herbal Medicine Using Near Infrared Spectroscopy and Artificial Neural Network

藥品的鑑別在中草藥製藥與用藥過程非常關鍵，由於藥用植物來源非常廣泛，就算不是近源種，其外觀也可能相似。本研究應用近紅外及類神經網路技術建立中草藥鑑別模式以區分不同藥材原料，尤其是無法由其外觀以肉眼判斷之藥材。以傳統的化學分析方法作藥材的鑑別成本與效率都有改善的空間。近紅外光檢測技術(near infrared spectroscopy)與現行其他科學檢測方法相比，具有非破壞性、量測快速等優點，本研究所建立之模式，是以類神經網路(artificial neural network)分析中草藥的近紅外光吸收光譜，已成功建立可有效區分30種藥品的中草藥粉末鑑別模式，以最佳模式鑑別具有600個樣本的校正組，其正確率爲99.67%，鑑別含300個樣本的預測組則可達到100%。

• 期刊

Molecular Analyses of Cordyceps gunnii in China

古尼蟲草(Cordyceps gunnii)以澳洲塔斯馬利亞首次發現的標本命名，但中國大陸的文獻將之歸類於與中藥冬蟲夏草(Cordyceps sinensis)同屬的一種常見僞品。由於鑒定冬蟲夏草品種對中藥管理和相關執法有著關鍵作用，此實驗以分子鑒定方法透過核ITS(ITS)、核糖體大亞基(nrLSU)、轉譯因子1α片段(EF-1α)和RnA聚合酶大亞基Ⅰ(rpb1)序列來鑒定中國和塔斯馬利亞的古尼蟲草，發現兩地的樣品並不隸屬同一品種；中國稱爲「古尼蟲草」的樣品實爲Clavicipitaceae科Metacordyceps屬真菌，而塔斯馬利亞的古尼蟲草則與冬蟲夏草菌較相近，應歸入Ophiocordycipitaceae科Ophiocordyceps屬。研究結果顯示此僞品的分類地位有待釐清；在中國謂之「古尼蟲草」的品種可暫時標記爲Cordyceps gunnii auctorum non Berkeley (Cordyceps gunnii auct. non. Berk.)。此外，本研究中所利用的基因序列亦證明有效分辨蟲草真僞。

• 期刊

Hepatoprotective Activity of Fresh Polygonum Multiflorum against HEP G2 Hepatocarcinoma Cell Proliferation

生鮮何首烏的根部水萃物(WRP)對兩株肝細胞氧化壓力的調節活性第一次被探討。WRP可提升Clone 9胞內抗氧化酵素活性，包括catalase (CAT)，glutathione-S-transferase (GST), glutathione reductase (GR)及glutathione peroxidase (GPx)，且可增加Clone 9胞內GSH含量，此是因WRP處理24小時可有效提升抗氧化酵素所致。除此之外，WRP處理Hep G2細胞可大量增加活性氧，進而抑制細胞增生。WRP (1000 μg/mL)處理24與48小時，可分別增加78%及77%的凋亡比率。再者，WRP可刺激caspase-8、caspase-9及caspase-3活性，且WRP對Hep G2細胞增生的抑制效應與caspase誘導活性優於其emodin類似物(WRPE)。這些結果顯示何首烏根中所含的植物化學物質可協同的促進肝癌細胞凋亡，而這些萃取物可被使用爲肝臟防護素。

• 期刊

Analysis of Volatile Compounds in Noni Fruit (Morinda citrifolia L.) Juice by Steam Distillation-Extraction and Solid Phase Microextraction Coupled with GC/AED and GC/MS

Morinda citrifolia (Rubiaceae)在台灣稱之爲諾麗果，常見於夏威夷與大溪地，普遍認爲是由早期玻利維亞居民帶至夏威夷島。果實外觀爲黃綠色而且形狀很像手榴彈，最大可長至約12公分。成熟的果實具有特殊的風味，研究發現其可能具有促進免疫系統而抑制癌細胞的功能。近年來諾麗果汁在美國以保健食品的形式販售。本研究目的是探討諾麗果汁的揮發性成分。揮發性成分是以固相微萃取法(SPME)與水蒸氣蒸餾萃取法(SDE)萃取。利用氣相層析質譜儀(GC/MS)與氣相層析原子發射偵測器(GC/AED)分析，鑑定出有機酸、醛類、酮類、醇類、酯類、萜類與六個有機硫化物。這些有機硫化物對諾麗果汁的特殊風味可能十分重要。SPME對高揮發性低沸點的揮發性成分靈敏度較高；SDE則具有較高的萃取容量而且對較高沸點的揮發性成分靈敏度較高。SPME與SDE可以提供互補性的結果，如能同時使用將可對食品的揮發性成分有更深入的了解。

• 期刊

Effect of Shengmai San on Insulin Resistance, Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha and Oxidative Stress in Rats Fed on a High-Fat Diet

Shengmai San (SMS) is a well-known traditional Chinese medicine formula prescribed for patients with coronary heart disease (CHD). Insulin resistance is the most likely explanation for the development and progression of this disease. To investigate the effect of SMS on high-fat diet-induced insulin resistance, inflammatory cytokine production and oxidative stress, male Wistar rats were fed with low-fat control diet, high-fat diet and high-fat diet supplemented with 4% SMS for eight weeks. An oral glucose tolerance test was conducted in the seventh week. Rats fed the SMS diet had significantly lower plasma fructosamine concentration (p＜0.05) and tended to have lower (p＜0.1) AUC values of plasma glucose and insulin concentrations after glucose challenge, compared to those fed the high-fat diet. Moreover, SMS reduced TNF-α and lipid peroxidation levels in the liver and heart. However, SMS had no effect on fasting plasma concentrations of glucose, insulin, triglyceride, non-esterified fatty acids, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and insulin resistance index (homeostasis model assessment; HOMA) in rats. Our results show that SMS may have little or no significant effect on reducing insulin resistance, but display anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory properties.

• 期刊

Comparison of Protective Effects between Oat β-Glucan and Phenol-Rich Extracts in Hyperlipidemic ICR Mice

燕麥中的β-葡聚糖(GE)已被廣泛認爲是降低膽固醇的主要成分，然而燕麥中的多酚萃取物(PE)也被認爲具抗高血脂潛能。本研究以餵食高脂飼料之ICR小鼠爲實驗動物，比較和評估燕麥多酚萃取物和β-葡聚糖的降血脂功能。實驗共進行12週，結果多酚萃取物和β-葡聚糖均具顯著降膽固醇功能，能降低血清總膽固醇、血清低密度脂蛋白膽固醇及肝臟膽固醇。燕麥多酚萃取物能顯著降低肝臟三酸甘油酯，抑制肝臟HMG-CoA還原酶活性，並且改善肝臟抗氧化防禦系統。燕麥β-葡聚糖則能顯著增加小鼠中性膽固醇和膽汁酸的排泄。本研究顯示燕麥β-葡聚糖和多酚萃取物均能預防小鼠高脂血症；膽固醇代謝和抗氧化防禦體系的研究，證明了燕麥中這兩種成分各有不同的降血脂機轉。

• 期刊

Detection of Major Rice Allergenic Proteins in Phytase-Transgenic and Non-Transgenic Rice

The 14-16 kDa rice allergenic proteins have been reported to be the products of a multigene family, and react most frequently with IgE in serum of rice allergic patients. The aim of this study was to assay the content of endogenous 14-16 kDa rice major allergenic proteins in both phytase-transgenic (GR) and non-transgenic rice (NR) (wild-type, Oryza sative L. cv. Tainung 67). We want to investigate whether the foreign gene will change the allergenicity of rice or not, should be evaluated in order to clarify its pre-market safety. First, the RA17 gene encoding 16 kDa rice allergenic protein was amplified by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and cloned into the expression vector pET-29a(+). The constructed expression vector, pET-29a(+)-RA17, was transformed into Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). The host strain was induced to express recombinant RA17, which was purified by Ni(superscript 2+)-NTA resin column and used as the antigen for the production of a polyclonal antibody via rabbits. We used the antibody as a detective tool of western blotting and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) methods. The western blotting analysis showed that the content of major allergenic proteins in phytase-transgenic rice was 96.3% of that in wild-type rice. The content of 14-16 kDa allergens estimated by ELISA were 1.73±0.09 (NR) and 1.66±0.08 mg/g (GR). The results indicated that the level of 14-16 kDa allergens was not significantly different (p＞0.05) between wild-type rice and phytase-transgenic rice, and the transformation of phytase gene into rice plant did not enhance the content of rice major allergenic proteins in transgenic rice.

• 期刊

Qualitative and Quantitative Analyses of the Anti-Allergic Constituent of Commercial Prunus mume Products in Taiwan

梅精爲梅子經壓榨萃取後之高濃度黑色糖漿產物。在亞洲，梅精爲普遍的健康補充品之一。其活性成分5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) (1)，在RBL-2H3細胞株中，可抑制β-hexosaminidase degranulation並具有濃度依存性。爲了分析梅精中的HMF，本實驗利用HPLC針對23項市售梅精產品進行HMF的定性定量分析；包含10項台灣梅精產品、3項日本梅精產品、5項特殊製程梅精產品、2項市售梅子飲品、1項新鮮成熟梅子萃取物及兩個經加熱萃取之梅子萃取物。經高效能層析儀圖譜分析指出，這些市售產品HMF含量不一。其中，梅精水萃物有較好的HMF產率。因此，我們推測不同原料來源、萃取方法及製程會影響HMF之含量。

• 期刊

Validated Stability-Indicating HPLC Method for the Separation of Pindolol Enantiomers and Its Related Substances

本研究開發一簡單，快速且穩定之逆相液相層析法(RP-LC)，於強迫降解之降解物中分離pindolol (PDL)及其相關物質。層析分離使用C18 Inertsil-3V管柱（250mm×4.6mm內徑），移動相爲20mM磷酸二氫鈉，乙腈混合液，pH4.0，流速1.0mL/min，檢測波長205nm，管柱維持室溫。以正相液相層析法(NP-LC)分離pindolol對映異構體，使用chiral pack AD-H管柱（250mm×4.6mm內徑），流動相爲正己烷：乙醇：二乙胺(860:140mL: 0.05%, v/v)，流速0.9mL/min，檢測波長215nm。本方法經特異性、線性範圍、精密度、準確度、溶液安定性、穩定性、偵測極限(LOD)與定量極限(LOQ)之確效。逆相液相層析法之選擇性確效，以pindolol儲備溶液對酸、鹼、光氧化和熱降解等反應爲主。PDL濃度範圍0.01-100μg/mL (r^2=0.9998)及0.001-50μg/mL (r^2=0.9982)時，分別於逆相液相層析法(RP-LC)及正相液相層析法(RP-LC)呈線性。降解物的波峰不會干擾純PDL。本方法之應用經分析PDL錠劑及檢測相關物質確認。分析結果有統計數據爲證。