中華防災學刊/Journal of the Taiwan Disaster Prevention Society
中華防災學會,正常發行
選擇卷期
- 期刊
本文以規劃中之南化第二水庫為研究範圍，蒐集海拔、坡度、坡向、距水系距離、距道路距離與植生指標等6項環境因子資料，以臺灣獼猴、山羌與食蟹獴作為參考指標物種，採用最大熵值法建立物種的棲位分布模型與分布預測圖分析可能之替代性棲地，並利用ROC曲線（Receiver Operating Characteristic curve）之曲線下面積AUC（Area Under Curve）值進行驗證，確立物種分布預測圖中棲地環境利於物種生存。研究結果顯示，三個指標物種分布模式之AUC值皆大於0.7，表示模式的表現良好，預測結果具有可信度。本文研究結果顯示食蟹適宜的替代性棲地集中在龜仔頭坑、高水坑、大竹坑溪、大牛林坑、草人坑、後層坑等支流與甲仙林道；臺灣獼猴適宜的替代性棲地在龜仔頭坑、高水坑、酒槽坑、大竹坑溪、後層坑等支流與甲仙林道；山羌適宜的替代性棲地則分布在高水坑、酒槽坑、大竹坑溪、大牛林坑、後層坑等支流與甲仙林道。
- 期刊
隨著全球暖化與氣候變遷影響，極端降雨事件未來可能成為常態，重大災害將更加頻繁。每逢颱風、豪雨等降雨季節期間，對於極端降雨常會誘發較嚴重之深層崩塌坡地災害。分析近二十年來臺灣各地區致災性豪雨降雨資料，發現邊坡災害之成因多是「連續降雨過多」或「短延時雨量過強」所致。以輕度變質之板岩為例，其構成邊坡板岩材料抗侵蝕能力相較於泥岩或頁岩材料為高，惟板岩極易沿其葉理方向裂開，轉為細碎薄片狀之面狀構造，當板岩劈理受邊坡長時間重力及風化作用後，其材料將逐漸弱化而造成潛變（creep）行為，即板岩邊坡變形過程中，亦會發展節理裂隙，促使降雨入滲引致地下水位抬升岩屑崩滑可能性增加。為探討不同降雨強度引致地下水位抬升對邊坡穩定之影響，本研究以數值分析軟體SEEP／W模組模擬降雨引致地下水位抬升，再利用SLOPE／W模組探討已知滑動面之地下水位抬升與邊坡穩定之關係，以深層崩塌高風險區之臺中市梨山區松茂崩塌地為板岩邊坡區域進行模擬分析。為因應極端氣候造成降雨回歸周期的改變，本研究應用前峰型、中峰型、後峰型、平均型等設計雨型，對邊坡進行模擬分析，嘗試建立降雨引致邊坡壞預警系統。經模擬分析及驗證後提出降雨延時與累積降雨量之關係及最高地下水位累積降雨量與水位抬升高度之關係兩種模式，做為評估之基準。
- 期刊
The transport sector is responsible for approximately 23% of total CO_2 emissions. In spite of more efficient vehicles, the emissions related to the transport sector are continuing to grow, from 7.0 Gt CO_2 eq. in 2010 up to the projected 12 Gt CO_2 eq. in 2050. The paper presents informative and educational resources on the possibility of reducing GHG emissions, thanks to safe walking and cycling infrastructures that are attractive to use and well connected with public transport. Such resources, downloadable for free from the web, consist of text, graphs, images and videos; they can be used with the methods felt as most appropriate by the teacher. Traffic calming techniques, aimed at both reducing vehicle speeds and providing more space for pedestrian and cyclists, contributed, e.g. in Germany to a fall in the rate of pedestrian fatalities from 6.2 to 2.3 per 100,000 population. Land use planning plays an important role in the number of generated trips, their length and the modal choice. Residential areas should include shopping, cultural and services centers that people can easily reach using sidewalks or bicycle paths and without de-tours. Interestingly, a hyperbolic relation exists between urban density and transport-related energy consumption. During the next decades, the growth of the world population will be mostly concentrated in the cities of the developing countries. In these fast growing cities, urban planning is expected to play an important role in the future energy consumption and GHG emissions. Some planning principles, together, make non-motorized transportation safe, easy, attractive and effective; this is what happens in certain cities and countries, as several documents clearly describe. Relations between an increased non-motorized transportation choice and the economy of the country and the health of the population are also discussed. The walking school bus is an educational activity and a form of transport for schoolchildren that go to school walking along a set route accompanied by a few adults.
- 期刊
中國大陸是世界上天然災害最嚴重的少數幾個國家之一。其主要的天災有：氣象災害、地震災害、地質災害、海洋災害、生物災害和森林火災等六大類；每年約有2億人受到影響，直接的經濟損失高達人民幣3,000億元，此災損且有日益加劇的趨勢。為了減緩天災的直接衝擊，以保障國民的福祉及生命財產的安全，進而維護國家整體經濟的發展，自2008年四川汶川大地震之後，中國大陸相關部門即對地震和颱風等天災的監測、預報及預警等系統，投入相當可觀的人力、物力及財力予以研發和建置，至今已有顯著的成就。有鑒於臺灣和中國大陸同是氣象和地震災害頻發的地區，期望未來海峽兩岸的氣象與地震科學家和從業人員能再互助合作，共同致力「防災」及「災防」領域的研發工作，進而推動「亞洲天災預警系統網」的建置，一起善盡國際社會一份子的責任，將人類帶往更安全、更幸福、更富裕的祥和境界。