Southeast Asian Social Science Review
Malaysian Social Science Association (PSSM) & the Institute of Malaysian and International Studies (IKMAS) Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia,正常發行
選擇卷期
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This paper provides an intellectual history of IKMAS as a pioneering research institute within Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) that addresses studies of globalization and Malaysian studies, and shows in what way it has contributed to scholarship in these fields during its first 25 years since its founding on April 1^(st), 1995. It specifically focuses on the intellectual problematics during the different periods of its developments, namely, the key ideas, perspectives and frameworks that have emerged and used as guides. It highlights the transformationalist perspective adopted by IKMAS in ＂capturing＂ globalization during its foundation years and how it was continued subsequently. The paper notes the changes in the studies in the early 21^(st) century namely the role of the state, national autonomy and state capacity in addressing globalization, and shows the usefulness of the longue duree (long view of history) and history of ideas approach, and the ＂connecting oceans＂ framework to overcome the methodological nationalism of conventional area studies when studying Malaysia in the regional context of ASEAN and beyond. While admittedly the discussion and analysis are based on IKMAS's journey over quarter of a century, the introspection, insights as well as lessons in institution-building and in formulating programmes and intellectual developments highlighted in this essay, arguably, have relevance beyond IKMAS.
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The paper provides understanding of managers' rationales and constraints when hiring foreign workers in the manufacturing and manufacturing-related services sectors in Singapore. Using purposive and quota sampling methods, the study covers in-depth interviews with 25 managers from multinational companies in Singapore. Analysis of qualitative data from structuration perspective show that managers' choices are shaped by Singapore's changing foreign labour policy. Managers are constraint for hiring unskilled foreign labours from non-traditional countries. Reasons for hiring unskilled, semi-skilled and skilled foreign workers vary which ranging from 'blended low labour cost' to shortage of domestic labour, right attitude to work, skill mismatch of domestic labour, high salary demands by domestic labour, accreditation and innovation capability and relevant knowledge, skills and language proficiency. As the dependency ratio for foreign workers continues to narrow, in the near future, managers would have to search for limited skilled workers within the Singapore's domestic labour market.
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Music is a malleable means of shaping a nation's image - a conscious effort made by those who do recognise the power of music to enhance the nation. Songs like ＂Bahtera Merdeka＂ (Kassim Masdor, 1957), ＂Tanah Pusaka＂ (Ahmad Merican, 1964), ＂Malaysia Truly Asia＂ (Ahmad Nawab, 1999), ＂Standing in the Eyes of the World＂ (David Gates & Wah Idris, 1998) and more recently ＂Gemuruh＂ (Faizal Tahir, 2007) have embodied the nation, giving voice to its citizens and harmonising them in an emblematic unisonance. This singing together results in an emotionally overwhelming feeling of collective cohesion. Patriotic songs connect with the audience, symbolising for them a 'Malaysian-ness' that can be transformed into highly nationalistic moments of unity. This presentation discusses findings surrounding data drawn from a research focusing on respondent's reactions towards popular patriotic songs. Findings suggest that Malaysians enjoy singing patriotic songs together as they are a verbal way of manifesting nationalism for the country. It creates a moment of unisonance for them, a simultaneous and unanimous acknowledgement of the common symbol that signifies belonging and collective emotional commitment. Essentially, popular patriotic music is the platform of integration that brings people together in unisonance every single time.
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Komuniti setempat dan agensi pelaksana memainkan peranan yang penting dalam memastikan kelestarian sumber alam semulajadi. Ini berlaku terhadap pembangunan di kawasan Tasik Kenyir dan kampong-kampung sekitarnya. Komuniti Tasik Kenyir pula merupakan komuniti yang menjalani kehidupan seharian dengan menjadikan unsur alam semulajadi di Tasik Kenyir sebagai sumber ekonomi utama mereka. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah perspektif komuniti dan peranan agensi khususnya agensi kerajaan terhadap komuniti setempat di Tasik Kenyir dalam menjaga sumber semulajadi Tasik Kenyir supaya tetap lestari. Data diperolehi daripada 510 responden yang maklumbalas kepada tinjauan kuantitatif yang digabungkan dengan analisis kualitatif iaitu temu bual di samping data sekunder dari pelbagai dokumen. Hasil kajian menunjukkan komuniti memberi perhatian kepada empat kategori utama iaitu ekonomi, pembangunan fizikal, social dan keselamatan serta alam sekitar. Selain itu, tembual bersama pegawai agensi pelaksana memberi gambaran tentang peranan dan kedudukan agensi dalam pembangunan ini. Secara keseluruhannya, agensi yang terlibat telah menyediakan inisiatif dan peluang kepada penduduk setempat untuk menjana kegiatan ekonomi. Kajian ini bermanfaat khususnya kepada dan penggubal dasar dalam menjamin kelestarian alam semulajadi di Malaysia dengan mengambilkira perspektif masyarakat agar pembangunan yang mampan dapat diwujudkan.
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Fenomena pemerdagangan orang yang dikaitkan dengan globalisasi dan peningkatan pergerakan manusia telah menjadi fokus oleh dunia dan Malaysia sejak sedekad yang lalu. Ia juga disebut sebagai perhambaan era moden yang mana fenomena ini telah mendorong perkembangan pesat dari segi kajian, pengenalan undang-undang anti-pemerdagangan orang, serta penyediaan jentera birokrasi dan sumber kewangan yang besar. Aspek pelbagai yang berkaitan pula adalah jenayah, pencabulan hak asasi manusia, keselamatan sempadan sesebuah negara, ancaman kepada keselamatan insan yang semuanya mempunyai implikasi serius terhadap pembangunan negara dan rakyat. Kebimbangan terhadap jenayah pemerdagangan orang mendorong pelbagai negara seperti Malaysia untuk menangani isu pemerdagangan orang secara strategik melalui pelbagai pendekatan. Artikel ini memberi penekanan terhadap pengalaman birokrat Malaysia dalam melaksanakan matlamat strategik berteraskan tiga elemen utama iaitu pendakwaan, perlindungan dan pemulihan serta pencegahan. Kajian yang menggunakan dokumen primer serta kaedah temu bual mendapati lima cabaran besar iaitu penyelarasan yang lemah, ketidaksepadanan sumber dan kewangan, pengaruh struktur dan birokrasi, isu integriti, serta kurang pengetahuan dan kepakaran yang menjadi penghalang kepada pencapaian matlamat yang ditetapkan. Dengan pengenalpastian cabaran ini, artikel ini mengemukakan cadangan khusus untuk memperkemaskan undang-undang dan pelan untuk membanteras pemerdagangan orang di Malaysia.
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Professor Wang Gungwu is a renowned scholar, eminent thinker, public intellectual, historian and teacher, who has left an indelible mark with deep and extensive intellectual footprints in the corpus of knowledge in the humanities namely history since the second half of the 20th century and well into the third decade of the 21st century. This interview conducted via Zoom on March 7^(th), 2022 by Dr Zaharul Abdullah, an emerging scholar under the guidance of SEASSR's Chief Editor, is wide-ranging covering an extensive ground and rather lengthy. Part I covers his childhood days in Ipoh, his appreciation of diversity, his university education including why he chose to study history, his PhD dissertation ＂The Structure of Power in North China during the Five Dynasties＂, his career at the History Department, University of Malaya (UM) in the early 1960s and the state of Southeast Asian studies then. It also tells his views regarding the approach in the study of history, and his difficult decision to leave UM at the end of the sixties to join the Australian National University as Research Chair Professor of Chinese history especially its modern history, a topic very close to his heart which he could not pursue while in Malaya. Part II is equally wide-ranging but on topics outside of Malaya or Malaysia. It covers his experience in leadership positions in a number of universities - UM, ANU, University of Hong Kong and Singapore, the values of academic freedom, the training of scholarship and encouraging the best brains, the accolades he received, understanding China from the ＂southern perspective＂, conception of Southeast Asia and ASEAN, China's BRI, the US-China geopolitical rivalries, the Ukraine war, China's stand as well as implications of the war for Southeast Asia. It ends with a nice piece of advice for young scholars on topics to study, the importance of history, and the need to develop a proper balance between deep specialized knowledge and the big picture or the broader perspective.
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Everyone who had taken high school biology knows how deforestation can result in flooding of the lowland areas. It would be an overstretch if every leader is also expected to understand how clearance of the rainforests can cause global climate change, but we do expect them to easily comprehend the textbook knowledge of forest clearance and flood. After all, they are the ones tasked to draw up tenable policies and safe practices in the face of calamitous events such as flood and spread of diseases.
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Makalah penyelidikan ini bertujuan mengetengahkan peranan dan cabaran yang dihadapi oleh pertubuhan sosio-budaya di Sabah iaitu Angkatan Gaya Baru (AGABA) dalam memartabatkan kebudayaan tempatan, mendaulatkan bahasa kebangsaan dan meletakkan peranan wanita Sabah ke hadapan melalui wadah pertubuhan sosial. Munculnya kesedaran sosial dan politik yang dimainkan oleh aktor-aktor gerakan sosial telah menyumbang kepada perkembangan organisasi pertubuhan di Sabah. Namun dalam proses tertentu, cabaran pasti ditemukan. Kemunculan AGABA pada tahun 1958 yang mendukung pendirian kebangsaan menemukan cabaran bagi mempraktikkan perjuangannya dalam konteks masyarakat berbilang kaum di Sabah. Malahan pertubuhan-pertubuhan sosial dan politik yang muncul di Sabah sejak sebelum Perang Dunia Kedua lagi turut mendapat cabaran daripada pelbagai pihak khususnya kerajaan kolonial British dan masalah di peringkat dalaman organisasi itu sendiri. Oleh itu, dalam makalah penyelidikan ini, penyelidik berusaha untuk menelusuri peranan AGABA dan memperihalkan cabaran yang dihadapi oleh pertubuhan tersebut dalam menjalankan pemurnian terhadap aspek sosio-budaya di Sabah. Penelusuran sejarah dalam makalah ini menggunakan sumber-sumber primer yang terdiri daripada dokumen pertubuhan dan akhbar tempatan seperti Daily Express, Kinabalu Times, North Borneo News & Sabah Times pada masa itu.