Yield Loss in No-till Corn Due to Weed Interference and Environmental Impact

雜草干擾及環境效應對不整地栽培玉米減產之影響

楊純明(Chwen-Ming Yang) ； 盧煌勝(Hung-Shung Lu)

《中華農業研究》 43卷4期 (1994/12) Pp. 391-401

https://doi.org/10.29951/JARC.199412.0005

摘要

本項研究係於1991-1994年在臺灣省農業試驗所農場進行田間試驗，以探討雜草干擾及環境效應對不整地栽培玉米減產之影響。參試品種為飼料玉米臺農一號(Zea mays L. cv. Tainung No.1)，雜草族群為田間自然生長之不同種類者，除草措施則為人工除草。雜草干擾處理計有八種，分別為雜草干擾0（全期無草），1，2，4，6，8，及10週與全期雜草干擾等。根據試驗結果，雜草干擾時期長短、環境效應、及兩者交感均具有顯著差異。在試驗期間，大致上玉米之減產程度受到雜草干擾時期的影響。秋作雜草干擾六週、春作雜草干擾八週，玉米產量將減少約20%。全期雜草干擾最低可造成籽粒產量分別僅及全期無草處理區之33%（秋作）及56%（春作）。迴歸分析顯示，雜草乾重（雜草密度）與玉米籽粒產量呈直線關係，然而籽粒產量與全期熱位累積、降水量、日射量、及日照時數等氣象因子間並無此關係。顯然的，環境效應為一多變因的複雜交感作用，玉米產量無法與個別氣象因子做出簡單的直線關係。

關鍵字

玉米 ； 產量 ； 雜草干擾 ； 環境效應 ； 氣象因子 ； 不整地

並列摘要

Field experiments over 4 years (1991-1994) were conducted at Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute Experimental Farm to evaluate the effects of weed interference and environmental impact on yield loss of corn (Zea mays L. cv. Tainung No.1) under no-till condition. A significant effect was indicated in weeding treatments, environmental impact, and their interaction. Generally yields were reduced by 20% when multiple weed populations were allowed to interfere for 6 and 8 weeks after planting for the fall and the spring crops, respectively. Kernel yields were further reduced to 33 (Fall 1992) and 56% (Spring 1993), respectively, of weed-free plots in a full-season weed interference. Regression analysis showed that there was a linear relationship between weed dry weight and kernel yield. Yet, no such relationships were found between kernel yield and heat sum, precipitation, h-radiance and sunshine hour, which implied a more complicated interactions than simple effects in environmental impact.

並列關鍵字

Corn ； Yield ； Weed interference ； Environmental impact ； Climatic factors ； No-till