塔塔加地區土壤動物動態變化之初步研究

Changes of Species Composition and Abundance of Soil Animals at Ta-Ta-Chia Area

莊俊逸(Chun-Yi Chuan) ； 袁孝維(Hsiao-Wei Yuan) ； 王亞男(Ya-Nan Wang) ； 吳星輝(Hsing-Hui Wu)

《中華林學季刊》 38卷1期 (2005/03) Pp. 19-35

https://doi.org/10.30064/QJCF.200503.0002

摘要

本研究主要探討塔塔加地區主要林相中土壤動物的種類組成及數量在不同季節的變動，且初步探討土壤動物數量在12個月中變化及其與土壤因子、微氣候因子間的關係，並通過食性分析，初步擬定其食物網結構。樣區為：鐵杉林區、玉山箭竹區及高山芒草之草原區。本研究從1998年3月正式開始至1999年2月每個月定期採樣調查一次，共採集546樣本數，包括216個乾烘土樣、216個溼烘土樣及24個手挑土樣。共記錄大、中、小型土壤動物2860類群，分屬於3門7綱20目34科。土壤動物垂直分佈為土壤0-5cm層的數量遠大於5-10cm層及10-15cm層。而5-10cm層及10-15cm層之間無顯著差異。土壤動物群落多樣性(Diversity)指數以草原為最高，其次為鐵杉林、箭竹林。各林相中鐵杉林土壤動物數量變化與氣溫最小值成相關性；玉山箭竹林內土壤動物數量變化與氣溫中最大值、月均值及最低值；相對濕度最低值及土壤表層溫度最高值均具相關性。鐵杉林及玉山箭竹林的優勢類群與其土壤含水率、有機質、鉀、鈣、鎂間相關性顯著；草原區土壤含水率及有機質量皆較低，且土壤容重較大，所以此環境下土壤動物數量皆少於另外兩樣區。可根據本研究結果構建該地區土壤動物食物網。

關鍵字

土壤動物 ； 多樣性 ； 食物網

並列摘要

We studied the changes of species composition, abundance and diversity of soil animals in different seasons in the forest of Ta-Ta-Chia District from March 1998 to February 1999. We investigated the relationship between these changes and soil characters and microclimate. Through trophic analyses, we also established a preliminary structure of food web. Our study sites included three different habitat types: Tsuga chinensis var. formosana, Yusania niitakayamensis and Miscanthus sinensis. We collected soil samples monthly, a total of 546 samples including 216 dry, 216 wet and 24 hand-picked ones. We recorded 2,860 groups of soil animals belonging to 3 phyla, 7 classes, 20 orders and 34 families. The abundance of soil animals in terms of vertical distribution in 0-5cm was significantly higher than 5-10cm and 10-15cm. However, there was no difference between 5-10cm and 10-15cm. Miscanthus habitat had the highest community diversity, followed by Hemlock forest and Yusania-cane. The changes of soil animal abundance in Hemlock forest was correlated with the minimum air temperature; in Yusania-cane was with the maximum, average monthly and minimum air temperature, minimum relative humidity and maximum soil surface temperature. Dominant groups in Hemlock forest and Yusania-cane were significantly correlated with moisture, organic matter, K, Ca and Mg. The soil animal abundance was the lowest in Miscanthus because of with less moisture and organic matters. Soil animal food web of Ta-Ta Chia District can be established by this study.

並列關鍵字

Soil animal ； Diversity ； Food web