「亞洲式民主」與政治危機─印尼個案研究，1997~1998─

"Asian Democracy" and Political Crises: The Case of Indonesia, 1997~1998

李美賢(Mei-Hsien Lee)

《問題與研究》 38卷8期 (1999/08) Pp. 1-20

https://doi.org/10.30390/ISC.199908_38(8).0001

摘要

「亞洲式民主」為許多政治學者及大部分的亞洲領袖所推崇。他們相信，因為「亞洲式民主」標榜許多與群體價值優先相關的價值，使得一些亞洲國家免於面對西方所面臨的諸多困境。他們同時堅信，人民內心深處渴望的是經濟生活面的滿足，民主與否則非重要問題。
然而本研究的基本論點認為，「亞洲式民主」事實上不民主，也因為它不民主，所以它即具有不穩定的本質。當支持「亞洲式民主」政體合法性的經濟發展消失時，尤其又必須面對政治領導繼承問題時，以上所稱的不穩定的本質往往就會轉變為政治危機。本研究即以透過對印尼一九九八年政權轉移的觀察，來檢視「亞洲式民主」的不穩定本質與政治危機間的關係。

關鍵字

「亞洲式民主」；亞洲價值；證明危機；蘇哈托；哈比比

並列摘要

“Asian Democracy”- which stresses conformity and communal loyalties over pluralism and individualism – has been upheld by most of the leaders of Asian countries. They argued that “Asian Democracy” is a foundation of a strong-and-stable state and that a strong-and-stable state is a prerequisite for rapid economic development (which is highly desired by people in developing countries).
This paper, however, argues that “Asian Democracy” is inherently unstable due to its “non-democratic” traits (e.g., personal rule, electoralism, etc.). Asian democratic systems, therefore, largely depend on economic performance legitimacy. In such a system, once economic performance stalls, a legitimacy crisis follows.
This paper examines the dynamics between the spirit of “Asian Democracy” and the fall of Suharto to exemplify the inherent instability of the “Asian democracy” theory.

並列關鍵字

Asian democracy ； political crisis ； political succession ； Indonesia ； Suharto

參考文獻

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Choesin, Vasta Charmandira(1989).The Indonesian Vice-Presidency: Problems in Leadership Succession.Contemporary Southeast Asia.11(2)

Cribb, Robert, Brown, Colin(1995).Modern Indonesia: A History Since 1945.New York:Longman Publishing.