代幣增強方案對改善中重度智能不足兒童不良適應行為之成效研究

Effects of Token Economy Program on Decreasing Maladaptive Behaviors of the Moderately and Severely Retarded Children

陳榮華(Yung-Hwa Chen)

《教育心理學報》 23期 (1990/06) Pp. 13-48

https://doi.org/10.6251/BEP.19900601.2

摘要

本研究旨在探討國內智障教養機構院童的不良適應行爲的類型及其出現率，並進一步試探代幣增強方案對矯正不良適應行爲的成效及其情境類化情形。受試係以一所教養院的157名院童爲對象，先評量每一名院童的不良適應行爲，然後再從中選出具有較嚴重不良適應行爲的24名院童，進行個案實驗。實驗設計採用ABAB設計，以及跨越不同組別的多基凖線設計。其自變項是代幣增強方案及其他矯正策略(諸如DRO、DRI、OC及TC等)之配合運用；依變項則爲各受試的特定不良行爲的出現百分比。
研究結果顯示，不良適應行爲的出現率高達78.4%，每一位院童平均具有3.24種不良適應行爲。經約半年的矯正結果，大部分案主的目標行爲均有顯著的改善，甚至經兩個多月的暑假後，仍然約有半數的案主維持其矯正效果；在教室情境所獲得之矯正效果，也能類化保育區的生活情境。最後建議，國內智障教養機構應定期評量院童的不良適應行爲，並培訓教保人員承擔矯正工作，以得院童回歸到一般學校及社區生活。

並列摘要

The purposes of this study were as follows: (1) to investigate the prevalence of maladaptive behaviors of 157 retarded children living in a public instiution, and (2) to examine the effects of the token economy program on decreasing maladaptive behaviors of 24 retarded individuals selected from that institution.
Information on behavior problems was obtained using selected items from the Adaptive Behavior Scale (ABS), and was rated by special class teachers or day care personnel. Single-case experimental design was employed. Results showed that the prevalence of maladaptive behavior among 157 retarded children was 78.4%. The most frequent problems among the clients were: inappropriate interpersonal manners (36.3%), unacceptable vocal habits (30%), psychological disturbances (30%) , withdrawal behavior (28.7%), and rebellious behavior (27.4%) - With some exceptions, combining token economy and other behavioral techniques (e.g.,DRO, DRI, or overcorrection etc.) had resulted in effective reductions in a variety of maladaptive behaviors, such as hyperactivity, stereotyped behavior and self-injurious behavior. From these results, it is suggested that continuous training of longer duration should be implemented in order to maintain its long-terms effect.