預防肌少症：飲食蛋白質及維生素D的重要性

The Importance of Dietary Protein and Vitamin D in Preventing Sarcopenia

李明芬(Ming-Fen Lee) ； 吳承誌(Cheng-Chih Wu) ； 李仁鳳(Jen-Feng Lee)

《臺灣營養學會雜誌》 42卷1期 (2018/03) Pp. 33-38

https://doi.org/10.6691/NSJ.201803_42(1).0004

摘要

老年人不自覺的體重流失可能增加死亡率、罹病率、骨折風險，原因通常有下列幾種情況：攝取不足、厭食、肌肉流失（肌少症）。肌少症可能導致失能、跌倒及死亡率增加，而發生肌少症的原因包括：慢性病、內分泌改變、營養不足等。肌少症的非藥物療法包括運動及營養介入，根據實證醫學文獻證實運動及營養介入療法是安全、有效的。預防肌少症的飲食主要是蛋白質的攝取量，現有的文獻證據指出健康老年人的蛋白質攝取量應依體重每天每公斤建議攝取1.2-1.5公克的蛋白質，蛋白質的品質取決於生理價值，例如蛋豆魚肉類及奶類的品質優於全穀根莖類、蔬果，奶類則每天應攝取一杯以上以獲取鈣質及維生素D，當維生素D濃度過低，會造成肌力下降，可能進一步造成肌少症、跌倒發生率增加。

關鍵字

肌少症 ； 蛋白質 ； 老年人

並列摘要

Unintentional weight loss in persons older than 65 years is associated with increased morbidity and mortality, and an increased risk of hip fracture due to the following conditions: inadequate nutrient intake, anorexia, muscle loss (sarcopenia), and muscle sickness, which may lead to increased disability and falls. The causes of myosis include chronic diseases, endocrine changes, and malnutrition. Studies from the evidence-based medical literature of nonpharmacological interventions for sarcopenia, including exercise and nutritional interventions, have confirmed that exercise and nutritional interventional therapies are safe and effective. Available dietary evidence suggests that protein intake should be 1.2～1.5 g/kg/day for healthy older adults. The protein quality depends on physiological values. The quality of eggs, soybeans, fish, meat, and milk is better than that of whole grains, fruits, and vegetables. More than one cup of milk a day should be taken to get one's calcium and vitamin D. When the concentration of vitamin D is too low, muscle strength will be reduced, leading to sarcopenia and elevated risk of falls.

並列關鍵字

sarcopenia ； protein ； elderly