外蒙古政治民主化的過程分析

Political Democratization in Mongolia

廖淑馨(Hollis S. Liao)

《中國大陸研究》 43卷5期 (2000/05) Pp. 17-29

https://doi.org/10.30389/MCS.200005_43(5).0002

摘要

一九九○年開始，蒙古的政治改革主要是摒棄「以黨領政」的共黨制度而步上「法治」的民主道路。從民主憲法的通過，以及多黨制、一院制的國會和由國會多數黨組織政府的建立，呈現出民主多元化政治現象。
一九九二年通過的憲法，是蒙古史上首度將個人自由、政治權利，以及獨立司法融入法律的第一個文件。政黨合法化後，多黨競選民意代表及總統在蒙古是空前之舉。一九九六年政黨輪替執政更為蒙古民主政治帶來前所未有的契機。
由於民主改革時間僅十年，蒙古無法避免碰到出現一些始料未及的困難，但它一直在嘗試錯誤中求精進，並將繼續走向政治民主化道路。

關鍵字

蒙古 ； 蒙古民主化 ； 蒙古國會 ； 蒙古政黨

並列摘要

Democratization in Mongolia began in 1990 with the transformation from a system ”ruled by the party” to one ”ruled by law.” A new democratic constitution, a multi-party system, one-house parliament, and a government ruled by the party which obtains the majority seats of the parliament set Mongolia on the track toward democratization.
A democratic constitution enforced in 1992 became the first legal document in Mongolian history which bestowed the people with political rights and freedoms. Since a multi-party system was established in 1990, legally registered parties have nominated candidates for parliamentary and presidential election campaigns. In 1996, the long-term ruling party, the Mongolian Peoples' Party, lost the campaign and turned over administrative power to the hands of the ”Democratic Coalition.”
Mongolia has been undergoing democratization for ten years. During this process, Mongolia has met unexpected difficulties and has, apparently through trial and error, learnt to overcome them. Mongolia will doubtlessly continue on this path toward democracy.

並列關鍵字

Mongolia ； Democratization ； Parliament ； Parties

參考文獻

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