動作發展新理論－動力系統理論之介紹

Introduction to a New Theory of Motor Development-Dynamical Systems Theory

成戎珠(Rong-Ju Cherng)

《中華民國物理治療學會雜誌》 19卷1期 (1994/03) Pp. 88-98

https://doi.org/10.29616/JPTAROC.199403.0010

摘要

在過去十幾年，由於測量儀器的改進，使我們對於動作行爲能更客觀，更具體地量化分析，因而得以由多方面的角度去看一個動作行爲。更由於其他不同學科背景的人士參於其中，例如：心理學家，體育學家…等，使我們對於動作的控制機轉，與動作起源、發展，不再侷限於用傳統的神經生理解釋。本文的目的，乃就近十幾年，由於科技整合，逐漸形成的一新的研究領域：動作科學，其中之一主題－動作發展的新理論：動力系統理論(Dynamical systems Theory) ，作一介紹性的闡述，並且也對其含有的臨床意義，試作探討。動力系統理論最不同於傳統模式的，在於不强調中樞神經的絕對唯一性，不承認完全是由上而下的控制模式，也不認爲中樞神經具有既存的動作密碼(code)或處方(prescription)。動作的産生，乃是生物個體的多重系統(multidimensional system)，依循自然界的法則－自我組識(self-organization)，互動產生的結果。中樞神經被視爲只是參與决定動作結果的次級系統(subsystem)之一。

關鍵字

動作 ； 發展 ； 系統理論

並列摘要

In the past decade, a new territory of science: movement science emerged as a result of multidisciplinary integration. Motor development is one of its areas of interest. The purpose of this paper is to introduce a new interpretation of motor development based on new perspectives in movement science: dynamical systems theory.
Two traditional theories, reflex-based model and maturational model of motor development, and their limitations are reviewed first. Then, a recently developed theory, the dynamical systems theory, is introduced, which pro-vides a new interpretation of motor development.
According to the theory, an organism is a complex, multidimensional system. Movement emerges as a result of the interaction of the participating subsystems by compressing the degree of freedom through self-organization. There is no ”motor code” nor ”motor prescription”. CNS is thought to be only one of the participating subsystems. Evidence supporting the theory, as well as the clinical implications of the theory are discussed.

並列關鍵字

Movement ； Development ； Systems theory