姿勢控制系統之職業疾病－評估與預防

Occupational Disorders in the Postural Control System: Assessment and Prevention

胡名霞(Ming-Hsia Hu) ； 曹昭懿(Jau-Yih Tsauo)

《中華民國物理治療學會雜誌》 22卷2期 (1997/04) Pp. 149-157

https://doi.org/10.29616/JPTAROC.199704.0008

摘要

職業醫學，是以各類職業之從業人員為服務對象之醫學。隨著職業傷害與疾病的日漸受到重視，物理治療亦必須配合社會所需，提供高水準的評估與治療服務。本文修改自物理治療學會繼續教育之專題演講稿，目的在於介紹因職業傷害或職業暴露所導致之姿勢控制系統的生理或功能障礙，及其評估與預防之原則。文內所涵蓋之姿勢控制系統以軀幹及下肢為主，並以職業疾病一詞概指職業傷害與職業疾病。

關鍵字

姿勢控制 ； 職業傷害 ； 職業疾病 ； 物理治療

並列摘要

The assessment and prevention principles of occupational disorders, including occupational injuries and occupational illnesses, in the postural control system are reviewed in this article. A working posture is a position adopted because it is appropriate for the task being performed. In this article, the lower back, knee, and standing balance control are included as the postural control system. The postural control system may be affected by work-related factors to cause fatigue, pain, and loss of stability. A systems perspective model of work-related postural control system disorders was proposed. It was suggested that personal, environmental, and task factors should be systematically reviewed in order to identify the influencing factors leading to occupational disorders. Assessment tools including questionnaire, observation, checklists, modified OWAS video analysis system, lumbar motion monitor, electromyographic systems, and force plate systems used in occupational settings were reviewed. The reliability and validity, cost, generality and specificity factors should be considered when selecting an appropriate assessment tool. Effective prevention programs considers the same systems that are reviewed in the systems model. Principles of ergonomics, neuromuscular control of posture, are a few factors important for prevention of occupational disorders. The authors suggest physical therapy professionals to participate in the management of work-related disorders as an occupational medicine health care member.

並列關鍵字

Postural control ； Occupational illness ； Occupational injury ； Physical therapy