《佛說四十二章經》的知識意義

The Buddhist Knowledge of the Sutra of Forty-two Chapters Divulged by the Buddha

杜保瑞(Bau-Ruei Duh)

《哲學與文化》 33卷12期 (2006/12) Pp. 49-72

https://doi.org/10.7065/MRPC.200612.0049

摘要

本文探討《四十二章經》之經旨要點，本經在考證上有重大問題，但是在佛教教義傳播史上又有極高之地位，本文將依據過去學界的研究成果，首先說明其材料史實況，然後再依佛學研究之需求，討論它的知識意義。就材料而言，現存者是晉譯古本以及晚唐由禪宗門下的改版。說知識意義而言，本經雖傳說為中國第一部佛經，但是卻是從其他譯經摘錄具有實修觀念及教化作用的簡潔教本，經中即是以捨離愛欲為具體修證的主要觀念，本文即以晚唐改版作全經討論，以宇宙論本體論工夫論境界論四個向度詮解經文。

關鍵字

四十二章經 ； 阿羅漢 ； 禪宗 ； 無為法

並列摘要

The Sutra of Forty-two Chapters is problematic in the light of textual criticism but highly estimated in the history of the spreading of Buddhism. Intended to discuss the themes of this text, this paper first explains the history of its editions, based on the related academic research in the past, and then discusses the Buddhist knowledge of The Sutra of Forty-two Chapters according to the needs of Buddhist research. Regarding the history of its editions and translations, the surviving editions of the work are respectively the ancient edition translated in the Jin Dynasty and the new edition made by the Zen school in the late Tang Dynasty. Regarding its Buddhist knowledge, though The Sutra of Forty-two Chapters is said to be the first Buddhist scripture in China, it is an abridgement consisting of the practical concepts and pedagogic functions drawn from other translated scriptures. The renouncement of desires is considered in this text the major idea of practice. In this paper, we discuss the new edition from the late Tang Dynasty as a whole and interpret the text through the cosmological approach, the ontological approach, the approach of moral cultivation, and the approach of perfect personality.

並列關鍵字

The Sutra of Forty-two Chapters ； Arahan ； Zen Buddhism ； Non-action