生殖性人類複製的安全風險與個體獨特性問題

當複製實驗的腳步以飛快速度向前奔馳時，人們最感到困惑與憂慮的問題是：「人類複製」的研究與發展本身是否會涉及某些嚴重的倫理問題？而當「人類複製」成為事實時，它對於人類的倫理、法律及社會又會產生怎樣的衝擊？這些問題的探討隨著各國或明或暗地競逐胚胎幹細胞研究及人類複製研究的事實，已經愈來愈形迫切。本文的探討將集中在生殖性人類複製(reproductive human cloning)的兩個倫理議題，亦即安全風險與個體獨特性所涉及的倫理問題。文分六部分，首先簡單介紹人類複製的議題背景，接下來說明本文的議題範圍及方法論，第三部分指出反對與贊成生殖性人類複製的各種倫理論據。第四與第五部分則將討論焦點放在安全風險與個體獨特性所引伸出來的倫理議題。最後則做一簡短結論。

關鍵字

人類複製；生殖性人類複製；生命倫理；倫理法律與社會意涵研究；體細胞核轉殖技術；生命倫理公約；美國國家生命倫理委員會；美國總統生命倫理委員會

並列摘要

The dramatic progress of experiments on cloning raises many perplexing and worrisome issues: Is the step from Dolly to human a fiction never coming true or will it be made possible in the near future? If it becomes reality, what impacts would it bring about in the ethical, legal and social dimensions? These issues become more and more urgent after the Korean scientists successfully applied the technique of SCNT to reproduce cloned human blastocysts in the year of 2004. This article focuses on two significant ethical issues of reproductive human cloning, i.e. the problems of safety and individual uniqueness. I firstly clarify the objective facts related to the ethical judgments of reproductive human cloning. Secondly, I define the issues to be explored and present my methodology. Thirdly I will introduce the fundamental ethical positions underlying various arguments for and against reproductive human cloning. And then, in the fourth and fifth parts of the article, I will deal separately with the problems of safety and individuality.