Governance and Liberalisation Policy: The Indian Experience

治理與自由化政策：印度經驗

B. S. Ghuman

《中國行政評論》 9卷3期 (2000/06) Pp. 155-176

https://doi.org/10.6635/cpar.2000.9(3).07

摘要

本文探討印度自由化政策及其展現之治理狀況。印度自由化政策係引伸自政策穩定及結構調適政策。由於印度經濟自由化政策之推展，其治理策略亦隨之調整。印度治理政策一向只為上層階級服務，忽略中下貧困階級。因此政治改革很難推動，亦很緩慢，有甚多阻礙。要有強而有力的政治支持才行。例如非政府組織、知識分子、幹練真誠的文官、職業團體、政黨、民間組織等努力推動，形成一股大勢力，建造市民社會，才可能扮演治理改造過程中的建設性角色。

關鍵字

自由化 ； 治理 ； 經濟行政 ； 回應的行政 ； 公民憲章 ； 貪污 ； 公民社會

並列摘要

In India liberalization policy has not been evolved indigenously. It is mainly adopted as a part of stabilization and structural adjustment programs. This paper aims to capture the emerging contours of governance in India in response to liberalization policy. Governance has responded very slowly to economic liberalization. Most of the reformatory initiatives have covered mainly those services and areas which cater to the elite. The areas of social concern such as poverty. Unemployment, regional disparities, and sectoral imbalances have not been made focus of these initiatives. This combination of attention and neglect, if continued would on one hand help the elite to consolidate its advantaged position and on the other hand would alienate further the disadvantaged groups, sectors and regions from the institutions of governance. This trend may hamper the process of liberalization itself. Vested Interests of those in power are likely to be stumbling blocks in the way of reform initiatives. For making reforms feasible and sustainable both political and bureaucratic institutions should be reformed simultaneously. This is all the more necessary because liberalization policy has not been formulated indigenously. However, strong political backing is a prerequisite. The NGOs, intelligentia, seasoned and honest bureaucrats, professional associations, political parties and people’s organizations can play the role of catalysts. Reforms in political and administrative institutions would provide an environment for constituents of the civil society to playa constructive role in the reform process of governance.

並列關鍵字

Libealization ； Governance ； Economic Administration ； Responsive Administration ； Citizens' Charter ； Corruption ； Civil Society