木黴菌Trichoderma asperellum TA菌秣在台灣金線連莖腐病防治上之應用

Biological Control of Fusarium Stem Rot of Anoectochilus formosanus Hayata by Trichoderma asperellum Ta Strain

蔡金池(C. C. Tsai) ； 曾德賜(D. S. Tzeng) ； 謝式坢鈺(S. P. Y. Hsieh)

《植物病理學會刊》 17卷3期 (2008/09) Pp. 243-254

https://doi.org/10.6649/PPB.200809_17(3).0007

摘要

由金線連根圈栽培介質分離所得之五個具拮抗性木黴菌(Trichoderma spp.)菌株，經無菌培養系統評估對金線運生長之促進效果測定，結果顯示以T. asperellum TA菌株表現最好。在溫室試驗中，以不同濃度TA菌株分生孢子製劑行栽培介質混合處理，於處理15週後，試驗結果顯示，病害防治效果隨施用濃度提高而有明顯增加之趨勢，每克栽培介質施用57×10^6-10^3 cfu之TA菌株分生孢子處理，其莖腐病發病率低於10%以下，而未處理TA菌株之對照處理組發病率則達93.3%。田間試驗進一步證實，以TA菌株分生孢子製劑行根部被覆處理或栽培介質混拌處理，其對莖腐病之防治效果明顯優於厚膜孢子製劑處理。栽培場種植之危線連根部經混合分生孢子之羧甲纖維素製劑(CoCMC)行被覆處理，其對莖腐病防治效果在種植後連續九週幾達100%，相對於未處理之對照親病害發生率則已達82%。添加1%麩皮於CoCMC之處理，可增強對病害防治效果，在連續十八週持續檢視栽培介質中木黴菌與族群菌族群動態變化調查中，已確定添加麩皮之CoCMC處理組，栽培介質中木黴菌族群菌量皆可維持在每克10^2 cfu左右，伴隨之則可見莖腐病發生率之明顯受到抑制。本研究所提供之試驗結果顯示，研究中所用之Tasperellum TA菌株確爲金線連莖腐病生物防治上極其應用潛力之菌株。

關鍵字

生物防治 ； 鐮胞菌 ； 台灣金線連 ； 木黴茵 ； 海藻酸鈣 ； 羧甲基纖維素

並列摘要

For the biological control of stem rot of Anoectochilus formosanus Hayata caused by Fusarium oxysporum Schl., five antagonistic Trichoderma strains isolated from Anoectochilus rhizospheres were evaluated for their growth promoting effectiveness in a gnotobiotic culture system. Among five system tested, Trichoderma asperellum TA strain was the best for promoting the growth of Anoectochilus plants. In a greenhouse trial, the effectiveness of stem rot control was shown dependent on the conidial concentration of the antagonist applied. The stem rot incidence of test plants grown in substrates treated by 5.7×10^6-10^7 cfu/gram conidial preparation 15 weeks after treatment was approximately 10%, whereas that of the compared non-treated control was about 93.3%。 In a serial field trials, the effectiveness of disease control was consistently found better by root coating or preplanting substrate blending with the conidial suspension than that by the chlamydospores preparation to the antagonist. A conidial formulation with carboxymetyl cellulose (CoCMC) was as most effective for the disease control in practical cultivations. By root coating during transplanting, the application of CoCMC resulted in nearly 100% protection of the test plants for 9 weeks, whereas the disease incidence of non-treated control at the same time reached about 82% The protective effect effect CoCMC appeared to be further strengthened by the addition of wheat bran as a food base. A 18-week time course study of the Trichoderma/Fusarium population dynamics contained in the growth substrates indicated a well sustained Trichoderma population at approximately 10^8 cfu/g throughout the test period. And in accompany to that was the suppressed the disease incidence. These results suggest T. asperellum TA strain have an excellent potential to be used as biocontrol agents for the control of stem rot disease of Taiwan Anoectochilus.

並列關鍵字

Biological control ； Fusarium oxysporum Schl. ； Anoectochilus fornosanus Hayata ； Trichoderma asperellum ； Trichoderma virens ； Ca-alginate ； sodium carboxymethyl cellulose ； CMC