台灣地熱潛能、現況和發展困境

Potentials, Current States and Barriers of Geothermal Energy in Taiwan

宋聖榮(Sheng-Rong Song) ； 盧乙嘉(Yi-Chia Lu) ； 劉佳枚(Chia-Mei Liu) ； 張竝瑜(Ping-Yu Chang)

《石油季刊》 51卷1期 (2015/03) Pp. 61-82

摘要

能源是現今國家經濟發展的命脈，世界各國無不積極尋求各種可能的自主能源。其中，地熱能源可當作基載電源，提供化石能源(石油、煤和天然氣)缺乏國家的一個機會。利用地溫梯度分佈資料估計宜蘭和台灣地區之地熱潛在發電容量，在標高1,000公尺以下、深度4,000以內範圍之地熱蘊藏，分別約有6.235GWe和33.64GWe之潛在發電容量，值得未來進一步的詳細探查開發之可能性。目前能源國家型主軸計畫以宜蘭地區深層地熱的探勘研究和開發為主，期望在未來的三年內能有一座最少1MW地熱示範電廠的建立。而台灣地熱開發目前所面臨的問題為(1)政府的獎勵措施不足；(2)法令不足；(3)土地取得不易；(4)環境影響評估；和(5)電網併聯成本高等，需要政府大力的幫助，才能讓台灣地熱發電快速發展。

關鍵字

地熱能源 ； 地熱蘊藏量 ； 熱水儲集層 ； 區域地表熱流 ； 加強型地熱系統

並列摘要

Energy is essential to today's national economy. Diversification of energy sources is a necessary and important policy for all countries wordwide. Among various energy sources, geothermal energy can be as base-load electricity and offers a country without natural resource an opportunity of less dependence on fossil fuels. We calculated the potential of power generation in the Ilan Plain and entire Taiwan based on the geothermal gradient measurements. The estimated electric energy that can be generated from the heat reserve in Ilan Plain and entire Taiwan is about 6.235 GWe and 33.64 GWe, respectively, below the latitude of 1,000 m and shallower than 4,000 m. The results of this study entail the need to explore the geothermal reserves in details for further engineering developments of the geothermal energy. Currently, the major geothermal projects of National Energy Program II (NEP-II) focus on deep exploration and the exploitation in the Ilan areas. The aims are to explore the deep geothermal reserves precisesly, evaluate the feasibility, build the techniques and choose the best sites for enhanced geothermal system helping the civilian consortium construct a 1 MW geothermal pilot power plant successfully. However, several barriers, such as the incentives from the governments, the laws, and the land uses, the environmental assessments and the costs reduction of the transmission networks should be overcome prior to a prosperous development of geothermal power plants in Taiwan.

並列關鍵字

Geothermal energy ； Geothermal Potentials ； Geothermal reservoir ； Regional Surface heat flow ； Enhanced geothermal system (EGS)