間質幹細胞的生物特性與應用

MESENCHYMAL STEM CELLS: BIOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION AND APPLICATIONS

王楨軫(Chen-Chen Wang) ； 李佳榮(Chia-Jung Li)

《秀傳醫學雜誌》 16卷2期 (2017/12) Pp. 98-104

https://doi.org/10.3966/156104972017121602005

摘要

成體幹細胞在組織修復和再生醫學中具有極大優勢，並已成為新型的細胞治療受損組織的細胞來源。本文描述關於間質幹細胞在組織重建細胞治療上多向的潛能。源自中胚層的間質幹細胞除具有自我更新能力外，亦具有多方分化為成骨、軟骨、脂肪、肌肉、內皮和神經等多種細胞分化之能力。然而，易取得及易於體外培養為間質幹細胞最大優勢。同時亦具有分泌利於再生細胞治療的細胞激素及生長因子。在臨床研究中，以間質幹細胞用來治療各種疾病，包括骨髓損傷、骨髓移植後的移植物抗宿主疾病、心血管疾病、自身免疫疾病和肝臟疾病。另外，間質幹細胞的遺傳修飾具有過度表現抗腫瘤基因，為此亦提供臨床作為抗癌治療之前景。間質幹細胞在不久將來可能是再生細胞治療的重要材料，對此領域最新的研究進展及應用前景進行探討。

關鍵字

間質幹細胞 ； 再生醫學 ； 組織修復 ； 細胞治療

並列摘要

Adult stem cells have great advantages in tissue reconstruction and regenerative medicine, and the transplantation of autologous stem cells into damaged tissue is a novel therapeutic option. This review summarizes the potential role of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for regenerative cell therapy. MSCs are multipotent stem cells derived from the mesoderm, which are able to self-renew and differentiate into bone, cartilage, sebum, muscle, endodermis and nerves. In addition, MSCs can be readily harvested and cultured under specific conditions. Moreover, MSCs can secrete a number of cytokines and growth factors which might be suitable for regenerative cell therapy. In the clinical setting, MSCs are being explored in trials of various conditions, including orthopedic injuries, graft versus host disease following bone marrow transplantation, cardiovascular diseases, autoimmune diseases, and liver diseases. Furthermore, genetic modification of MSCs to overexpress antitumor genes has shown promise for clinical applications as anticancer therapy. MSCs might thus be an important material for regenerative cell therapy in the near future, and the prospects for application are discussed.

並列關鍵字

Mesenchymal stem cells ； Regenerative medicine ； Tissue reconstruction ； Cell therapy