To investigate the effect of sakura shrimp (Sergia lucens Hansen) on plasma and liver cholesterol levels, male Sprague-Dawley rats fed a high fat (10% lard) and cholesterol-riched (0.5%) diet were studied for four weeds. Rats were divided into two groups: control group and sakura shrimp group. Lower plasma total cholesterol (TC) and very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C) concentration, and higher ratio of plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) to total cholesterol were observed in rats fed with the sakura shrimp diet when compared with those fed with the control diet. In addition, rats fed with the sakura shrimp diet had decreased liver cholesterol contents. No significant difference in fecal cholesterol and total bile acid excretion was observed between the two dietary groups. The concentration of plasma taurine was significantly increased in sakura shrimp group. Results from this study suggest that sakura shrimp may induce a reduction in plasma and liver cholesterol levels in rats, which might be related to the increased plasma taurine concentration.