《奧之細道》和能因的「數奇風雅」－在白河關

平安中期歌人能因曾經兩度遊歷陸奧，「都をば霞とともに立ちしかど秋風ぞ吹く白河の関」是他的代表作之一。芭蕉在〈奧之細道〉中寫道「春立てる霞の空に、白河の関越えんと、…心を狂んはせ」引用這首和歌來書寫當時希冀新春遊覽陸奧想欲狂的心境。和歌中的「旅立」意指春天的結束（亦即三月盡），而之前就有研究指出芭蕉在三月底出發，前往陸奧的旅行即受到能因的影響。芭蕉在白河関的部分援引《袋草紙》的記載，提及古人通過此關時會換上正式服裝，來對能因法師表達尊敬之意，這個故事本身承襲了能因「數奇風雅」。能因也有漱口方詠歌的傳說，追本溯源應該是始於柳宗元，而芭蕉欣賞能因的「風雅」，並有所傳承。

關鍵字

奧之細道；能因；白河關；數奇；柳宗元

並列摘要

Noin, who's a poet of late Heian period, had traveled to Mutsu Province twice in his life. One of his well-known poems is ＂I left the capital in the middle of the spring mist, but when I arrived at this Shirakawa Barrier, the autumn winds is already blowing＂. In Matsuo Basho's Oku no Hosomichi, he wrote down ＂In the middle of the spring mist, I was desperate to visit the Shirakawa Barrier＂. The diary quoted Noin's poem to express his eagerness to travel to Mutsu Province. The departure of the trip in the poetry was in the end of spring (March), therefore, several studies indicated that the Basho's trip to Mutsu Province in the end of March was triggered by Noin's poem. Basho explained that people in the old period wore formal apparels when passing Shirakawa Barrier to show respects to Noin. This is an episode could be found in Fukurozoushi to show Noin's pursuits of elegant. There are several other episodes about Noin, including an episode adapted from that of Liu Zongyuan, that he always cleaned his mouth before reading a poem. Basho agreed with Noin's pursuits of elegant, and tried to inherit his spirit.