環太平洋地區蔥薊馬(Thysanoptera, Thripidae, Thrips tabaci Lindeman)之遺傳變異

Genetic Variation of Thrips tabaci Lindeman (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) in the Pacific Rim

曾麗月(Li-Yueh Tseng) ； 張念台(Niann-Tai Chang) ； 曾美容(Mei-Jung Tseng) ； 葉文斌(Wen-Bin Yeh)

《台灣昆蟲》 30卷3期 (2010/09) Pp. 219-234

https://doi.org/10.6661/TESFE.2010016

摘要

蔥薊馬(Thrips tabaci Lindeman)為世界性分佈害蟲，其體色多態且翅上毛列變異大，為進口農作上最常見的害蟲，已有學者認為蔥薊馬為複合種群含有3個形態種。本實驗收集與台灣貿易往來較密切的環太平洋地區國家的蔥薊馬，複製粒線體COI及核醣體ITS2序列，進行遺傳變異分析。環太平洋地區各國蔥薊馬COI序列以紐西蘭的族群變異最大，差異都在2%以上，其次為日本的族群，其餘各國序列變異大小相近；網狀儉約分析則顯示有兩個主要的COI基因單型，其一是美洲地區的美國、祕魯及墨西哥，另一則是西太平洋的中國、台灣及日本。若將環太平洋地區與基因庫上蔥薊馬的COI一起分析，則發現歐洲地區的個體變異最大，而親緣分析則顯示全世界的蔥薊馬有3個截然不同的演化支系，支系A的成員主要來自歐洲；支系B內有全世界各地的蔥薊馬，太平洋周邊國家，除日本及紐西蘭外，幾乎都屬支系B；支系C的成員則全部來自歐洲。環太平洋地區蔥薊馬ITS2序列與英國地區序列差異高達16%，而環太平洋地區蔥薊馬ITS2序列變異則有限，最大的變異族群出現在泰國，其與各國族群變異多在1.5%以上；ITS2序列儉約網狀基因單型則顯示英國、紐西蘭、澳大利亞及日本間有較高的相關性。本研究分析COI及ITS序列顯示全世界的蔥薊馬有很高的分化，而台灣的族群僅屬於其中之一支系，需嚴防其它支系的蔥薊馬個體進入台灣，以免產生雜交改變原有蔥薊馬族群之基因組成，避免更大危害。

關鍵字

蔥薊馬 ； 核醣體第二間區 ； 細胞色素氧化酶次單位元一 ； 遺傳變異

並列摘要

Thrips tabaci Lindeman with different characteristics of body color and number of setae are commonly found in imported agricultural products. It is a cosmopolitan pest, and is considered to contain three morphospecies. In this study, both genes of the nuclear internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) region and mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) of onion thrips collected from the Pacific Rim area are used in the genetic diversity analysis. For the Pacific Rim countries the greatest difference in COI sequences, more than 2%, is found in the New Zealand population. Two major haplotype groups were found in the statistical parsimony analysis. One is the haplotype from the coastline of the Americas including the USA, Peru, and Mexico, and the other is from west Pacific countries including China, Japan, and Taiwan. The compilation of sequences in this study and those from the genbank indicate that the greatest variability of COI genes is found in the European population, where three distinct phylogenetic lineages can be found. Lineage A constitutes most of the individuals from Europe, those from lineage C definitely come from Europe, and those from the Pacific Rim mostly fall in lineage B which is a cosmopolitan group. For the ITS sequences, the greatest difference, up to 16%, is found in the population of the United Kingdom. The statistical parsimony network suggests that there is a close affinity in haplotypes among the populations of England, New Zealand, and Japan. Genetic analyses of both genes indicate that T. tabaci in Taiwan constitutes only one of the different populations in the world. Thus, the introduction of foreign T. tabaci populations should be prevented to try and reduce their hybridization with local population, which may result in serious economic damage.

並列關鍵字

Thrips tabaci ； internal transcribed spacer 2 ； mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I ； genetic variation