階級．性．變態－舒暢小說中的分斷情感

本文擬採用「分斷」作為閱讀舒暢小說的另種分析進路，以把握小說中展現的「寫實性」，特別是舒暢筆下涉及「隔絕」與「等待」的作品。本文認為這些關於「隔絕」與「等待」的故事，都或隱或現地回應了分斷的歷史現實。舒暢依稀寫出了一種或可名之為「隔絕－等待」的分斷體驗情感結構，而在這些分斷下的隔絕與等待的故事裡，舒暢又特別關注底層外省男性的流離狀態，透過描寫這樣一種性與性／別都不在家國打造的生存位置，顯示出婚家狀態和性的買賣與幽閉的複雜度－事實上，舒暢的多則小說都置疑了構築家國體制基礎的婚姻家庭連續體，這也正是舒暢小說之「寫實性」的關鍵切口：族群、階級、性／別……的經驗從來不是可以被切割開來分別對待的「議題」，而總是作為個體複雜的身分位置顯示出所謂的「差異」。本文認為，唯有從性／別切入，將舒暢的小說放歸「分斷」的歷史現實，並置於族群、性／別與階級的視野中「整體地去思考」，方能把握舒暢小說的特點，也才能理解其長年受到文學史忽視之於我們所意謂的損失。

關鍵字

舒暢；分斷；階級；性／別；婚家；性交易；底層外省人

並列摘要

In this essay I choose to analyze Shu Chang's novels from an alternative perspective of ＂division,＂ a perspective adopted in order to grasp the realism in his works-especially those involved with ＂isolation＂ and ＂waiting＂ which, in explicit and implicit ways, reflected the historical reality of ＂division.＂ Through these works Shu expresses an ＂isolation/waiting affective structure in the experience of division,＂ focusing particularly on the male lower class waishengren's experiences of drifting through life in Taiwan lacking family ties. Through depicting such a strategy of survival in which both the subject's sex and sexuality are not located in a proper position as constructed by the family and the state, these stories show us the complexity of the conditions of marriage and family, trade in sex, and isolation. In fact, in many of his works, Shu queries the ＂marriage and family continuum＂ that constructed the basis of the family-state system. This is exactly the breakthrough achieved through the realism in Shu's novels: the experiences of ethnicity, class, sexuality, and so on, have never been ＂issues＂ that can be treated separately on their own; rather, these have always been intrinsic to the human being that exists with complex identities and thus displays ＂difference.＂ Only through the perspective of sexuality, while situating Shu's novels back in the historical reality of ＂division＂ and looking at them as parts of a whole picture that consists of ethnicity, sexuality and class, can we grasp the characteristics of Shu's novels, and so understand what literary scholars have missed by ignoring these works for so many years.