台灣地區醫學系學生職場危害防護行為意向及相關因素之探討

Workplace Hazards Protective Behavior Intention and Relative Factors among the Medical Students in Taiwan

陳映伶(Ying-Lin Chen) ； 林瑜雯(Yu-Wen Lin) ； 邱詩揚(Shy-Yang Chiou) ； 唐進勝(Chin-Sheng Tang) ； 陳禹(Peter Y. Chen) ； 陳富莉(Fu-Li Chen)

《輔仁醫學期刊》 10卷2期 (2012/06) Pp. 73-81

摘要

目的：本研究主要目的是探討台灣地區醫學系學生的職場危害認知、態度、自我效能及防護行為意向現況，並預測影響防護行為意向之因素。方法：採分層集束抽樣方式，從台灣北、中、南、東四區，隨機抽取公立4所、私立2所學校之醫學系四年級學生做為研究對象，共回收284份有效問卷，完訪率56.9%，研究工具為經過信效度處理之自填式問卷，資料採用t檢定、ANOVA及階層複迴歸分析等統計方式。結果：研究發現曾經上過職場安全相關課程者共42.6%，並以傳染病防治的內容最多、人因性危害的內容最少。採階層複迴歸分析，控制學生基本資料後，發現職場危害態度及自我效能與行為意向有顯著的關係。態度越正向（β = 0.102），自我效能（β = 0.111）越高，其職場危害的防護行為意向越好（adjusted R^2 = 0.102）。結論：強化醫學生的職場安全態度與自我效能是必要的，故建議未來應從醫學教育中的職場安全衛生課程著手，並設計以學生為中心，方可有助於醫學生未來進入醫療職場工作的防護行為。

關鍵字

醫學生 ； 職場危害暴露 ； 自我效能 ； 防護行為意向

並列摘要

Background and Purpose: In this study, we investigated Taiwanese medical students' knowledge, attitudes, self-efficacy, and behavioral intentions toward exposure to occupational hazards and related factors of their protective behavior intentions. Methods: Four public and two private medical schools from northern, central, southern, and eastern regions of Taiwan were selected by a stratified cluster sampling method. All senior students of the sampled schools were invited to complete a questionnaire. In total, 284 copies of the questionnaire were completed for a return rate of 56.9%. Data were analyzed by t-test, ANOVA, and multiple-regression statistics. Results: Only 42.6% medical students had ever attended occupational safety and health (OSH) courses. Communicable disease control was the issue with the most lectures, and ergonomics was the one with the fewest lectures among all related safety and health issues. According to results of the hierarchical multiple regression, attitudes (β = 0.102) and self-efficacy (β = 0.111) significantly predicted protective behavior intentions of medical students beyond gender, area, and OSH courses (adjusted R^2 = 0.102). Conclusions: The attitudes and self-efficacy for OSH of Taiwanese medical students should be improved. OSH courses for medical students should focus on situations related to their future work scenarios with a student-centered design to empower their attitudes and self-efficacy. This may strengthen protective behaviors in their future professional careers.

並列關鍵字

medical students ； occupational hazard exposure ； self-efficacy ； protective behavior intention