印順法師的方法論—以三法印、中道及二諦說為中心

A Study on Master Yin Shun's Methodology Based on the Doctrines of Three Universal Characteristics of Buddha Dharma, the Middle Way, and the Two Truths

劉嘉誠(Jia-Cheng Liu)

《玄奘佛學研究》 17期 (2012/03) Pp. 33-58

https://doi.org/10.29955/HCJBS.201203.0002

摘要

本文係從如何研究佛法、如何探求中道、如何抉擇二諦等三個進路探討印順法師的方法論。藉由這三個進路，呈顯印順法師對研究佛法基本態度是不能將佛法僅作為一般世學研究，學者應以三法印的方法研究佛法，掌握佛教理論在時間上的流變、空間上的相待、超越時空的寂滅，方能綜貫整體佛法、超越宗派偏見、實現涅槃解脫。而在實現解脫的過程中，印順法師認為世間知識的方法是我們探求中道的必需工具，此一方法包括「論證中道」與「觀察中道」。此中，論證的方法，印順法師從緣起的觀點認同應成派的隨應破；而觀察的方法，印順法師以聞量、比量、現量之聞思修所成慧，指出解脫不離世間名言，此一觀點則近於自續派的隨順勝義。至於對空有二諦的抉擇，印順法師藉由三論宗的「橫待」與「豎超」的方法，指出如何就空有二諦乃至四重二諦，辨明何者是方便，何者是究竟，以善分別佛所說的二諦義。

關鍵字

印順 ； 方法論 ； 空性 ； 中道 ； 二諦

並列摘要

This paper discusses Master Yin Shun's methodology in three aspects, i.e. the manner he approaches Buddhism, the way he explores the Middle Way, and the measure he takes to distinguish between the ”two truths”. Through these aspects, Master Yin Shun demonstrates that the method and attitude in learning Buddhism is not to take the Buddhist doctrine as any worldly knowledge. The right way for scholars to master Buddhism is based on the ”three universal characteristics of Buddha Dharma”; that is to say, the approach by which scholars understand Buddhism should be grounded on an awareness that all existence and phenomena are in a constant state of fluctuation over time and adaptable to space. Only by transcending time-space limits can they grasp Buddhism as a whole and surpass sectarian premises before attaining eternally serene state of Nirvana.In quest of doctrinal clarification of the Middle Way, Master Yin Shun maintains however that the methods collecting worldly knowledge are essential. These methods include ”justification of the Middle Way” and ”analysis of the Middle Way.” For the method of justification, he approves the concept of Prāsan gika-Mādhyamika Buddhism from the thinking of Dependent Origination. As for the method of analysis, he believes that liberation cannot be perceived by separating from worldly nominalities, but it should be reached by cultivating perfect wisdom through valid cognition, inference and perception. This idea approximates to the conception ”conformable to ultimate” of Svātantrika School.As regards distinction between the ”two truths” or the ”four-fold two truths,” Master Yin Shun applies the methods of ”horizontal” (relative) and ”upright” (absolute) from the Three Sastra Sect, to differentiate ”worldly truth” (relative existence) from ”ultimate truth” (truth of emptiness), so that Buddha's core teachings about two truths will be aptly conceived.

並列關鍵字

Yin Shun ； methodology ； emptiness ； Middle Way ； two truths

參考文獻

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大正藏。

大正藏。

大正藏。

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