論胡宏對二程儒學的繼承與對道佛的批評

A Discussion on Hu, Hong's Scholarly Inheritance from Cheng, Hao and Cheng, Yi and His Critics to the Buddhism and Laotz

杜保瑞(Bau-Ruei Duh)

《嘉大中文學報》 2期 (2009/09) Pp. 1-32

https://doi.org/10.29892/JCLNCU.200909.0001

摘要

本文討論胡宏的儒學相關論旨，目的在彰顯一位儒者思想的多方面貌，特別是胡宏在宋明儒學史上雖然不是最醒目的大家之一，但在各家當代詮釋系統中卻被視為宋明分系的焦點人物，關鍵即在程朱、陸王之別由二程差異始，而胡宏正是二程再傳門人，有以程顥、胡宏下及象山、陽明而為與程頤、朱熹別異之分系說者即將胡宏歸於程顥而非程頤之傳承。事實上，胡宏既有繼承於程顥，亦有繼承於程頤。以程顥、程頤二分而為程朱、陸王別異的分系說並不為筆者所取，因此本文即藉由胡宏儒學相關論旨的討論，說明宋儒分系問題的難以簡單歸類，因為各家彼此之間都是有繼承有關連，所顯現的差異又常是表面差異，若能藉由哲學基本問題做為研究進路的分疏，則種種差異可以消弭。因此重要的是研究出各家的特殊性思維型態，而不必一定要在宋明儒學各家中定別異以說高下。經由本文之研究，胡宏繼承程顥之說極為明顯，即是本文所說的境界功夫之思路者，但此義尚未見於當代儒學討論中。而胡宏與程頤則在《中庸》說中概念的概念思辨的存有論上有共同的思路，又在對《大學》格物致知說的堅持上與程頤、朱熹實為同道，甚至象山亦持此說甚力，因此以格物致知說的詮釋立場以為別異程朱、陸王的方法需再檢討。至於胡宏闢佛、闢老諸說，都是謹守儒學立場之作，意旨鮮明，卻不能深入二氏之義理內部，甚至多有誤解之失。以上對胡宏儒學相關問題的哲學立場之討論，不限於學界過去只重視的胡宏心性哲學部分，因此更可以見出胡宏的儒學性格及哲學能力。

關鍵字

胡宏 ； 程顥 ； 程頤 ； 大學 ； 中庸 ； 佛教 ； 老子

並列摘要

The topics discussed in this article are about the Confucian theory constructed by Hu, Hong, aiming to exploring his manifold appearance. He was not only the follower of Cheng, Hao's philosophy of perfection, but also the inheritor of Cheng, Yi's philosophy in the practical theory which comes from the interpretation of ”the Great Learning” and in the ontological theory that was based on the development of ”the Doctrine of Mean”. In the past research, Hu, Hong was mostly grouped under Cheng, Hao's tradition but this is not correct, which will be discussed in this article. To criticize the Buddhist and Laotz's ideas is the school position of the Confucianism. The way Hu, Hong criticizing Buddhist philosophy is basically very typical, which is short of creation. As for the judgment of Laotz, although Hu, Hong attacked Laotz's ideas quite strongly, ironically he set many ideas in his own systems which were just the same as Laotz's philosophy. To sum up, Hu, Hong is not a very brilliant philosopher. Modern studies on the classification of his theory caused the interpretation of Hu, Hong's philosophy complicated and hard to be understood. This article tries to simplify the way of showing his philosophy, making it reasonable and easy to be understood.

並列關鍵字

Hu ； Hong ； Cheng ； Hao ； Cheng ； Yi ； the Great Learning ； the Doctrine of Mean ； Buddhism ； Laotz