景觀樹木風險評估機制的初探

The Preliminary Study of the Tree Risk Assessment Mechanism

李碧峰(Pi-Feng Lee)

《傳承與創新-文化混血的設計創意》 十五屆 (2016/12) Pp. 761-776

https://doi.org/10.6678/IICHC.2016.51

摘要

樹木風險評估(tree risk assessment，TRA)在先進國家中早已積極展開相關議題與處理策略，但是在國內卻是一項新興的課題。尤其近年來，台灣地區不管在有沒有颱風或大雨的情況下，也經常會傳出發生樹木倒伏、斷落而損傷人車財物的事件，因此這項樹木風險評估的機制，更是亟待我們積極去探究與建立。公園綠地的景觀樹木風險評估機制，由文獻研究法、探索性研究法以及實務運作面的探討下，可以發現各級縣市政府並未開始建立，因此現階段國人已普遍重視公共空間安全防災及注重公園綠地景觀品質的期望下，更顯得這項樹木風險評估機制建立的必要性與急迫性。對於景觀樹木的風險評估，在不同的產官學研單位均有不同的方法，但是其相關方法仍是大同小異、目前也相互在學習與研發改進中，但主要仍是依據目視樹木觀察評估法評估判斷樹木與環境關係的各項要點，再以各自研發的作業表單予以紀錄。本研究建議在實務作業上採用：（VTA.）樹木觀察評估法，予以評估樹體結構構造及力學強度的診斷方法，並依據「樹木TRA 風險評估」的危害判定與等級判定，分別採取「樹木TRA 風險評估（初級33 項）危害判定表」及「樹木TRA 風險評估（中級10 項）等級判定表」予以進行逐項的評估判定與紀錄作業。對於「樹木TRA 風險評估」之後，得以判定四等級，亦即為：嚴重（紅標）、重度（橙標）、中度（黃標）、輕度（綠標）。對於中度、重度及嚴重等級等具有較高風險者，必須加以進行各等級的後續處理措施，且應該積極配合實際的情況給予相關透過樹木及標的物來提出具體的緩解措施建議、或是其他方式的建議。如此才能真正的解決或避免樹木風險所造成的危害問題。

關鍵字

樹木健康檢查 ； 樹木風險評估 ； 目視樹木評估法 ； 工作量表

並列摘要

The Tree Risk Assessment (TRA) in the advanced countries has been active in many aspects of the relevant issues and treatment strategies, but the topic in Taiwan is emerging. Recent years, trees lodging, broken and damage to the car and property events happened due to the typhoons or heavy rain occurrence in Taiwan, so the TRA mechanism must be explored and build. The research methods of TRA mechanism in landscape trees of the park greenbelt are based on literature research, exploratory research and practical operation. The governments does not establish the TRA. People now have paid more attention to public space safety and disaster prevention. Therefore, to establishment of TRA mechanism in the quality of park green landscape appears more the necessity and urgency. The different research institutes have different methods of risk assessment on landscape trees, but the individule method is quite relavant and improvements from refering to each other. To be simplifed, mainly based on visual observation and assessment method of trees to survey various points of the relationship between trees and the environment, with records on the respective forms. In this study, we proposed to use the visual tree assessment (VTA) method to evaluate the tree structure and the strength of the trees. According to the risk judgment and grade judgment of the TRA, we took the ＂TRA (Elementary 33) Hazard Decision Table＂ and ＂TRA (Intermediate 10) grade determination Table＂ shall be evaluated and judged and recorded. After the TRA, four grades were determined, severe (red), severe (orange), moderate (yellow) and mild (green). For moderate, severe and serious levels have a higher risk, must follow-up measures, so as to truly solve or avoid the risk of tree damage caused by the problem.

並列關鍵字

Tree Health Check ； Tree Risk Assessment ； Visual Trees Assessment ； Mechanism Work Scales