半總統制下總統閣揆任命權之探討：台灣2016年政權輪替的個案研究

The President’s Power to Appoint Premier under the Semi-Presidentialism:the Case Study of Taiwan in 2016

朱涵瑜(Han-Yu Chu)

指導教授 ： 王業立

國立臺灣大學/社會科學院/政治學研究所/碩士(2018年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU201804313

摘要

2016年選舉，民進黨贏得總統大選以及國會席次單獨過半，不過，新當選的國會議員和新當選的總統上任時間相差將近4個月，出現我國憲政史上最長的看守內閣期。為了避免看守內閣期間造成「憲政空轉」，馬英九總統在選舉前已提出「希望多數黨提前組閣」提議，不過，針對這項提議，蔡英文總統公開拒絕，並認為馬英九總統如此作法恐會破壞既有憲政體制。
因此，本文欲探討蔡英文不願意提前任命閣揆、提前多數黨組閣的原因，可從幾方面來進一步研究：一、權責不清；二、接受多數黨提前組閣，等同承認我國是以議會內閣制為骨幹的半總統制國家，總統、閣揆之間的權力會產生變化；三、一旦開啟多數黨組閣先例，自此之後很可能會成為憲政慣例，也會成為運作常態，未來少數政府恐怕將難以再被接受。
最後，本文提出幾大建議改善方向，包括：總統、立委合併選舉、任期修憲以及讓看守內閣成為憲政慣例，以期避免憲政現空窗期。

關鍵字

半總統制 ； 閣揆任命權 ； 多數黨 ； 組閣 ； 看守內閣

並列摘要

In Taiwan Election 2016, DPP won the presidential election and became the majority party in Legislative Yan. However, it was due to the four months gaps between the government handover and the transition of the Eighth to the Ninth of Legislative Yan, it created the longest caretaker cabinet in the history of constitutionalism in Republic of China. In order to avoid the constitutional idling, President Ma Ying-Jeou proposed the idea of the majority party of the Legislative Yan took the responsibility to form the cabinet right after the election. However this proposal has been rejected by new elected President Tsai Ing –Wen publicly and criticized Ma’s proposal might damage the current constitutional system.
Therefore, this research will discuss the reasons of President Tsai Ing-Wen refused to nominate the President of the Executive Yan after the Taiwan Election 2016. After doing further research from various perspectives to concluding following reasons; the first, there was an unclarity of administration responsibility between Ma and Tsai. The second, by accepting forming the new cabinet by majority party of the Legislative Yan in advance will equal to admit the constitutional system is based on Parliamentary Cabinet System’s Semi-Presidentialism, and it will cause the change of power structure between the President and the President of Executive Yan. The third, it might become a constitutional convention and normal procedure, once set an example of forming the cabinet by majority party of the Legislative Yan. The government with minority party of the Legislative Yan might have difficult time to be accepted again in the future.
Lastly, the research provides several suggestions of improvements including, combining the elections of the President and the members of the Legislative Yan; amending the constitution for term of office for the member of the Legislative Yan, and make the caretaker cabinet as a constitutional convention in order to avoid the lame duck period of constitution.

並列關鍵字

semi-presidentialism ； the President’s power to appoint premier ； major party ； cabinet formation ； caretaker

參考文獻

周陽山，1996，〈總統制、議會制、半總統制與政治穩定〉，《問題與研究》，35(8)：50-61。

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壹、 中文部分

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