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  • 學位論文

湘語辰漵片方言由小稱詞尾引起的聲調合流研究

The Tone Merger Induced by Diminutive Suffixes in Xiang (Chenxu Variety)

指導教授 : 曹逢甫 連金發
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摘要


湘語辰漵片方言存在部分中古濁聲母平聲字今讀陰去調的特殊情形,這些例外字在今仄聲濁音清化的洪流中甚至還保留著全濁聲母,顯得更為突兀。雖然歷來已有數篇研究指出這個現象,但卻未提出合理且一致的解釋:有的認為與使用頻率有關,有的認為是過去小稱音變的遺跡,另外還有研究推測是中古濁平調與清去調合流後再度分化的產物。   經多方比較後可以推測辰漵片方言及鄰近方言的中古濁平調與中古清去調調型可能受到了小稱加綴的影響逐漸趨同,之後並在湘鄂一帶的漢語方言中演化出不同的聲調歸併現象。   就目前所研究的結果可以推論出辰漵片方言的小稱加綴類型是鼻音小稱[n];而該小稱加綴除了影響變調,也有可能造成變韻,並在部分字詞中形成非去聲字變韻、去聲字不變韻的異調變韻現象。另外根據當地苗族人學習漢語及借入漢語字詞的情況可以推測鼻音小稱[n]可能來自當地少數民族的底層效應。   最後,不管是小稱的整體推演,或是對曲折調的相關論述,都進一步證明了「語法化輪迴」理論對漢語東南方言小稱音變的通用性。

並列摘要


The Chenxu Variety of Xiang features a very special tone merger phenomenon, in which some words carrying the Modern Yin-Qu tone (陰去) are inherited from the words with a voiced initial and the Ping tone (平聲) in Middle Chinese, and keep their voiced initial intact. Although the phenomenon has long been noticed, there still lacks a convincing explanation.   Based on some cross-dialectical comparisons and reconstructions of sound change, it is assumed that the Chenxu Variety and the other Chinese dialects nearby had undergone some diminutive suffixation, which would make the Middle Chinese Ping tone along with voiced initials (濁平) and the Middle Chinese Qu tone accompanied by voiceless initials (清去) similar, and then induced different levels of tone merger in these dialects.   In the case of Chenxu Variety, the diminutive suffix would be [n], whose suffixation not only induced tone change, but also caused the change of rime. Furthermore, the diminutive suffix [n] would come from the substrata induced by the local ethnic minorities.   Finally, this study further proves that the theory of Grammaticalization Cycle (Tsao 2006) is instrumental in explaining the diminutive changes in southeastern Chinese dialects.

參考文獻


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