影響全球ICT產業內貿易之因素分析

本研究主要針對1996年到2005年亞洲、美國、與歐盟三個區域ICT產業水平產業內貿易與垂直產業內貿易(Horizontal & Vertical IIT, HIIT & VIIT)，探討前述三大區域之間ICT產業HIIT與VIIT變動趨勢，以及影響HIIT與VIIT之因素。本研究有下列五項實證發現：1.三個區域間自2003年以後VIIT值已經超過HIIT值，這顯示三個區域間ICT產業經貿關係已逐漸趨向專業分工模式。2.除亞洲對亞洲外，外人直接投資（FDI）對HIIT有顯著負向影響，這顯示歐、亞、美三個區域間的FDI多以構建ICT產業供應鏈垂直整合為主。3.水平產品差異化在亞洲對歐盟和亞洲對美國HIIT有顯著正向影響，但對VIIT的影響方面，亞洲對亞洲、亞洲對美國與亞洲對歐盟皆呈現負向顯著影響。4.亞洲金融危機在亞洲對亞洲和亞洲對美國HIIT均有正向顯著影響；歐盟和東南亞國協的成立對歐洲與亞洲間VIIT有顯著正向影響。5.相對顯示性比較利益顯示亞洲和歐盟間垂直專業分工較為明顯，亞洲與美國之間則是水平差異較顯著。

關鍵字

ICT產業；水平產業內貿易；垂直產業內貿易；外人直接投資

並列摘要

This study first focuses on the horizontal and vertical intra-industry trade (HIIT and VIIT) of ICT industry among Asia countries, US and EU from 1996 to 2005. The data reveals that VIIT has been over than HIIT since 2003. In words, the value chain of the ICT industry trade among three areas has approached to vertical specialization in all three areas above. Secondly, the empirical results from factors which could affect HIIT and VIIT show that: 1. The foreign direct investment (FDI) weakens the HIIT besides the case of Asia versus Asia. 2. The effect on horizontal product differentiation (HPD) to the HIIT in the cases of Asia vs. US and Asia vs. EU are significantly positive while the effect of HPD to VIIT are significantly negative in cases of Asia vs. Asia, Asia vs. US and Asia vs. EU. 3. The Asian financial crisis exists significantly positive effect to the HIIT in the cases of Asia vs. Asia and Asia vs. US. The existence of EU and ASEAN are helpful to the VIIT between Asia and EU. 4. The effect on RCA to the HIIT and the VIIT in all three areas shows that the vertical specialization is significant between EU and Asia while the horizontal differentiation is also significant between Asia and US.