捷運地下場站火災搶救策略之研究-以三重國小站為例

隨著時代演變，土地建物因空間利用使得高樓林立，而為使空間能更完整利用，相對往地下開挖已獲得更多使用空間，都市大多興建地下化鐵路捷運系統以便利大眾交通運輸，但發生火警後，地下空間充滿高溫濃煙瀰漫著未知空間、出入口受限，地下空間難以通風排煙、且大量受困人員逃竄等，都是消防人員搶救地下場站空間一大考驗。本文係針對地下鐵路捷運系統構造加以分析，透過文獻探討、專家訪談與分析案例及實兵推演，並以專家訪談調查消防人員對於地下捷運場站火災搶救作業將面臨之危害、臨危應變及防護措施等狀況。結果顯示地下捷運站發生火災時，消防人力嚴重人力不足，突顯捷運公司平時建立場所防火管理之重要性。且由於捷運地下隧道火警在現今未曾發生過，而因為其特殊性以及密閉性，若火勢沒有在初期就進行控制，往往會伴隨著更加重大的災害產生。所以面對捷運地下隧道救災時，所需注意的特別要點為通訊連繫通道之架設、捷運第三軌道之斷電、救災人員進攻端之選擇。

關鍵字

捷運站；火災；搶救

並列摘要

Although the subway system ( MRT ) has facilitated mass transportation, the underground space would be filled with high temperature smoke and the entrance would be blocked once the fire occurred. The smoke would be difficult to ventilate and frightened passengers running in all directions would cause the firefighters troubles in rescuing operation in the underground station. This paper investigated the hazards of fire rescue operation of underground MRT Station, the emergency situation and the firefighters’ protection measures to study the fire rescue strategies. Literature review, expert interview and wargaming method were applied in this study. The results showed that the shortage of firefighters is serious when a underground MRT station breaks out of fire, which highlights the importance of establishing the fire management system in the MRT. As the closed space and particular nature of the underground railway tunnel, major disasters would occur if the fire had not been controlled at the primary situation. Therefore, this study suggested that the fire rescue strategies should put special efforts on the establishment of communication, the power outage of the third railway, the integration of initial information and the coordination of the task divisions.