受到環境的影響,原住民的基本產業包括採集、狩獵和農業等土地資源利用方式,可能會衍生出和其他地區做法、風格完全相異的方式,形成傳統文化及知識,但目前這些傳統知識因為現代化、人口外移及人口老化的影響受到嚴重衝擊,面臨斷層與消失的危機。而現今因為國際上里山倡議的倡導,這些傳統文化及知識越來越受到重視,期望能將之結合產業並發展綠色經濟,以達到解決生產生計問題及保護當地環境生態之目的。本研究以屏東縣省道台24線的原鄉部落的農業文化為例,以次級資料回顧、訪談及參與觀察法等方式,探討當地居民的傳統農耕及其演變,瞭解當地的傳統農業文化及知識。研究顯示兩個重要結果:第一是兩鄉的傳統農業都是以燒墾作為農耕方式,並以7~8月的農耕祭典為分界,開始一個年度的農耕工作;第二是在1980年代後,因為台灣產業結構的轉變及現代化的影響,而導致傳統農業逐漸式微,農耕的目的也從自用轉為銷售,追求產量的成果下,本研究地區的農耕方式也逐漸改變,再加上2008年莫拉克風災造成部分居民遷離原鄉,更加速傳統農業的知識及文化逐漸的消失。本研究建議未來除了在傳統農業的知識、文化及農作物品種進行紀錄及保存外,也應認定里山地景的價值,並將這些價值結合到社會經濟計畫和相關決策內。
Land use like collection, hunting and agriculture are basic industries for indigenous. These industries may transform into different types of traditional cultures and knowledge. However, due to modernization, population migration and ageing, traditional knowledge become less emphasized and even disappeared. Nowadays the raise of Satoyama Initiative concept make re-emphasize on traditional knowledge, it is hope that the combination of traditional knowledge and industry can solve the problems about human well-being, local ecosystem, environment, or so call “green economy.” This study explored traditional agricultural culture and knowledge through secondary research, interview and participant observation on indigenous tribes along Provincial Highway No. 24, Pingtung. The result showed two important parts: First, people in study area used slash and burn as the way of farming, and start an annual farming at the agriculture celebration in July to August. Second, because of the change of industrial structures and modernization after 1980s in Taiwan, traditional agriculture in study area is on the decline. The goal of farming changed from self-using to selling and the resident migrated to permanent houses caused by Typhoon Morakot, resulting in the knowledge and culture of agriculture becoming degeneration. This study suggested that, in the future, the knowledge, culture of agriculture and crop species should be recorded and conserved, in addition, the values of Satoyam landscapes should be recognized and incorporating those values in social-economic planning and decision-making.