不同演替階段六種樹種葉片光合潛力隨葉齡的變化

Dynamics of the Photosynthetic Capacity with Leaf Age in Six Tree Species of Different Successional Status

黃明鍇(Ming-Kai Huang)

指導教授 ： 郭耀綸 博士

國立屏東科技大學/農學院/森林系所/碩士(2011年)

https://doi.org/10.6346/NPUST.2011.00146

摘要

摘要
學號：M9912005
論文題目：不同演替階段六種樹種葉片光合潛力隨葉齡的變化
總頁數：76頁
學校名稱：國立屏東科技大學 系別：森林系
畢業時間及摘要別：九十九學年度第二學期碩士學位論文摘要
研究生：黃明鍇 指導教授：郭耀綸
論文摘要內容：
本研究之目的為探討不同演替階段的6種臺灣原生闊葉樹種，葉片光合潛力隨葉齡的變化樣式，藉此瞭解各樹種葉片由新生、成熟至老化過程，光合潛力在何時有較高的表現。供試樹種包括演替早期的蟲屎與血桐，演替中期的江某，以及演替後期的黃心柿、毛柿與蘭嶼肉豆蔻。本研究藉兩種測定方法，探討各樹種光合潛力隨葉齡的變化樣式，其一為監測各樹種同一葉片，由初展葉到臨落葉期間光合潛力的動態變化(連續測定法)；其二為每週標定各樹種同一葉序的新生葉，待最初標定的葉片老化時，在同一日測定各葉序不同葉齡葉片的光合潛力(非連續測定法)，並比較此兩種測定法的差異及適用樹種。
研究結果發現供試樹種中，蟲屎葉壽命95天最短，其次為血桐122天，江某、黃心柿及毛柿的葉壽命分別為243、311及376天，5種樹種的葉壽命皆有顯著差異。蘭嶼肉豆蔻在測定期間尚無葉片凋落，無法得知其葉壽命。蟲屎及血桐的最大光合潛力分別為27.3及25.4 μmol CO2 m-2 s-1，顯著大於江某、黃心柿、毛柿及蘭嶼肉豆蔻(分別為17.7、9.8、10.4及10.8 μmol CO2 m-2 s-1)。本研究發現蟲屎、血桐、黃心柿及毛柿，於不同月份出生的葉片，其葉壽命有所差異，葉壽命與葉片成活期間的日平均氣溫呈負相關，氣溫越高葉壽命越短，而江某的葉壽命則與日平均氣溫的相關性呈鐘型分布。
蟲屎與血桐的光合潛力在葉片充分伸展前已達最大值；江某葉片充分伸展時，光合潛力已接近最大值。黃心柿、毛柿及蘭嶼肉豆蔻，在葉片充分伸展後一段時間，光合潛力才會達最大值。上述結果顯示不同演替階段樹種，光合作用機構的發育與葉片在形態上的發育，兩者成熟的時期有不同的樣式。
以10項指標比較各樹種藉連續及非連續兩測定法，所得的光合潛力隨葉齡變化結果的差異，結果發現葉壽命較短的蟲屎及血桐，此兩方法所得結果並無顯著差異，顯示可藉非連續測定法即可在短時間內獲知其光合潛力隨葉齡的變化樣式。然而，葉壽命較長的樹種，此兩方法所得結果差異顯著，不宜藉非連續測定法顯示該樹種光合潛力隨葉齡的變化樣式。
本研究發現5種不同演替階段樹種間，葉壽命與最大光合潛力呈顯著負相關。黃心柿及毛柿的葉壽命相差65日，但最大光合潛力差異很小，該兩性狀間並不具顯著相關。就同一樹種不同葉片而言，光合潛力與葉壽命並不具顯著負相關。此結果顯示影響此兩項功能性狀的機制並不相同。
關鍵詞：連續測定法、非連續測定法、葉齡、葉壽命、光合潛力

關鍵字

連續測定法 ； 非連續測定法 ； 葉齡 ； 葉壽命 ； 光合潛力

並列摘要

Abstract
Student ID: M9912005
Title of Thesis: Dynamics of the Photosynthetic Capacity with Leaf Age in Six Tree Species of Different Successional Status
Total Page: 76
Name of Institute: Department of Forestry, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology
Graduate Date: July 10, 2011 Degree Conferred: Master
Name of Student: Ming-Kai Huang Adviser: Dr. Yau-Lun Kuo
The Contents of Abstract in This Thesis:
The purpose of this study is to compare the lifetime pattern of photosynthetic capacity in leaves of six native tree species of different successional status. Leaf lifespan and photosynthetic capacity (Amax) of each species were monitored. The species used included two pioneer, Melanolepis multiglandulosa and Macaranga tanarius, one mid-successional species, Schefflera octophylla, and three late-successional species, Diospyros maritima, D. discolor, and Myristica cagayanensis. Two experimental procedures were conducted in this study. The first was monitoring the dynamics of photosynthetic capacity of leaves from a young age to abscission (continuous monitoring method); the second was to mark the newborn leaves along the same phyllotaxis, and measured the photosynthetic capacity of each leaf of different leaf ages when the first marked leaf became senesces (discontinuous monitoring method). The results from these two methods were compared, and suitable species for each method were recommended.

Results showed that among the six species, Mel. multiglandulosa had the shortest mean leaf lifespan of 95 d, following by 122 d of Mac. tanarius. The mean leaf lifespans of S. octophylla, D. maritima, and D. discolor were 243, 311, and 376 d, respectively. All the five species showed significant differences in mean leaf lifespan. Since no marked leaves died during monitoring period, therefore the leaf lifespan of Mir. cagayanensis is yet to be known. The Amax of Mel. multiglandulosa and Mac. tanarius were 27.3 and 25.4 μmol CO2 m-2s-1, respectively, and were significantly higher than S. octophylla, D. maritima, D. discolor, and Myr. cagayanensis (17.7, 9.8, 10.4, and 10.8 each). In addition, we found that in Mel. multiglandulosa, Mac. tanarius, D. maritima, and D. discolor the mean leaf lifespan was different among leaves born in different months: mean leaf lifespan of each leaf was negatively correlated with daily mean temperature during its lifetime, the higher the daily mean temperature the shorter the lifespan. However, the lifespan of S. octophylla leaf showed a bell-shape distribution pattern with regard to daily mean temperature during lifetime.
In Melanolepis multiglandulosa and Mac. tanarius the photosynthetic capacity had reached its maximum before full leaf expansion. Schefflera octophylla had almost reached its Amax when full leaf expansion occurred. As for D. maritima, D. discolor, and Myr. cagayanensis their Amax occurred sometimes after full leaf expansion. These results showed that there existed different developmental strategies in photosynthetic apparatus and leaf morphology among tree species from different successional status.
The differences in the results from the two methods (continuous vs. discontinuous) were compared using ten indexes. Result showed that in the short lived Mel. multiglandulosa and Mac. tanarius leaves the two methods had no significant differences, thus discontinuous method could be applied on these two species for acquiring the pattern of photosynthetic capacity during leaf lifespan in a short time. Adversely, in species with longer leaf lifespan, the results from the two methods were significantly different. This indicated that the discontinuous method would be inappropriate to acquiring such data.
The photosynthetic capacities in five species showed significant negative relationship with leaf lifespan. In D. maritima and D. discolor, however, the leaf lifespan was 65 d differed while the difference in Amax was small. This indicated that in these two species photosynthetic capacity and mean leaf lifespan were not significant related. As for different leaves on a single species, photosynthetic capacity was not significantly negatively correlated with leave lifespan. This result showed that different mechanisms existed to affect the above two functional traits.

並列關鍵字

continuous monitoring method ； discontinuous monitoring method ； leaf age ； leaf lifespan ； photosynthetic capacity

參考文獻

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