For a World beyond Pigs and Dogs: Transversal Utopias-Guattari, Le Guin, Bookchin

Writing in-between the distinct social ecologies of Murray Bookchin (1921-2006) and Felix Guattari (1930-1992), my endeavour is to consider how utopian and dystopian varieties of science fiction inform what I have designated the ＂geotrauma＂ of the Anthropocene (Cole et al.). Through a comparison of the oeuvre of Ursula K. Le Guin (1929-2018) and Guattari's sole collaborative work with Gilles Deleuze (1925-1995), we shall look at how the combination of ecosophy and literature may help us to make sense of our time and lot. Following Deleuze and Guattari, I distinguish between authoritarian utopias (utopias of transcendence), and immanent, revolutionary, libertarian utopias and, following this, I reinterpret the meaning of philosophy's third reterritorialization in Deleuze and Guattari's What is Philosophy?, which is to say, the movement of thought from the Greeks in the past, to the crisis of the democratic State in the present and the possibility of a futural people and earth to come. I will think this meaning in connection and in comparison with the possibility of a third revolution as envisioned in Bookchin's social ecology and social anarchism and how this finds expression in Le Guin's The Dispossessed: An Ambiguous Utopia. My conclusion shall point to the idea that the social ecologies of Bookchin and Guattari share a common, middle ground and it is this fecund, inclusive third space which demands further research and exploration.

關鍵字

Le Guin ； Guattari ； Deleuze ； Bookchin ； utopia ； science fiction ； anarchism

並列摘要

透過揉合穆瑞．布克欽和皮埃爾—菲利克斯．瓜塔里的獨特社會生態理論，我致力於考量烏托邦和反烏托邦科幻小說如何告訴我們何謂「人類世的地理創傷」。透過比較娥蘇拉．勒瑰恩的作品、瓜塔里的作品以及瓜塔里與吉爾．德勒茲合寫的作品，我們將研究生態哲學和文學的結合如何幫助理解我們的時代和命運。追隨德勒茲和瓜塔里的思想，我區分了威權主義烏托邦（超越式烏托邦），以及內在的、革命的、自由主義的烏托邦，並且據之重新解釋了哲學在德勒茲和瓜塔里的《何謂哲學》中的第三次再疆域化的意義，亦即是過去的希臘人的思想運動，到現在的民主國家的危機，以及未來的人民和地球的可能性。我連結並比較布克欽的社會生態學和社會無政府主義所設想的第三次革命的可能性，以及它如何在勒瑰恩的《一無所有：一個模棱兩可的烏托邦》中得到表達的空間。我的結論將指出，布克欽和瓜塔里的社會生態學有著共同的中間立場，正是這個充滿活力與包容性的第三空間需要我們進一步的研究和探索。

並列關鍵字

勒瑰恩；瓜塔里；德勒茲；布克欽；烏托邦；科幻小說；無政府主義

參考文獻

Adam, David. “Earthshakers: The Top 100 Green Campaigners of All Time.” The Guardian, 28 Nov. 2006, www.theguardian.com/environment/2006/nov/28/climatechange.climatechangeenvironment

Google Scholar

Blasdel, Alex. “'A Reckoning for Our Species': The Philosopher Prophet of the Anthropocene.”The Guardian, 25 June, 2017, www.theguardian.com/world/2017/jun/15/timothy-mortonanthropocene-philosopher.